Spatial and Temporal Organization of the Individual Human Cerebellum

Marek, Scott; Siegel, Joshua S.; Gordon, Evan M.; Raut, Ryan V.; Gratton, Caterina; Newbold, Dillan J.; Ortega, Mario; Laumann, Timothy O.; Adeyemo, Babatunde; Miller, Derek B.; Zheng, Annie; Lopez, Katherine; Berg, Jeffrey J.; Coalson, Rebecca S.; Nguyen, Annie; Dierker, Donna L.; Van, Andrew N.; Hoyt, Catherine R.; McDermott, Kathleen B.; Norris, Scott A.; Shimony, Joshua S.; Snyder, Abraham Z.; Nelson, Steven M.; Deanna, M; Schlaggar, Bradley L.; Raichle, Marcus E.; Petersen, Steven E.; Greene, Deanna J.; Dosenbach, Nico U.F.

doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2018.10.010

Cited by 265 publications

(248 citation statements)

References 85 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

226

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Specific cerebellar territories are anatomically linked to specific extracerebellar regions [98][99][100][101][102][103]. Functional connections as indexed by fMRI in humans validate this observation [108,109,111,[116][117][118]. These anatomical and functional relationships between cerebellum and the remainder of the neuraxis allow the UCT to access distinct streams of motor and cognitive information processing, enabling cerebellar compensation of extracerebellar function in neuropsychiatric diseases that may not primarily affect the cerebellum.…”

Section: Cerebellar Cognitive Reserve (Guell X Schmahmann Jd)mentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Isolated cerebellar lesions are sufficient to generate deficits in executive function, language, visuospatial, social, and emotional processing (cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome, CCAS, also known as Schmahmann's syndrome [104][105][106][107]). Neuroimaging experiments demonstrate cerebellar task activation and functional connectivity associated with cognitive control [108][109][110][111][112][113][114][115][116][117][118], and reveal cerebellar structural and functional abnormalities in neurological and psychiatric diseases that degrade thought and affect [119][120][121][122][123]. Here, we examine how this large and expanding body of literature informs our understanding of cerebellar cognitive reserve.…”

Section: Cerebellar Cognitive Reserve (Guell X Schmahmann Jd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Consensus Paper. Cerebellar Reserve: From Cerebellar Physiology to Cerebellar Disorders

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cerebellar reserve refers to the capacity of the cerebellum to compensate for tissue damage or loss of function resulting from many different etiologies. When the inciting event produces acute focal damage (e.g., stroke, trauma), impaired cerebellar function may be compensated for by other cerebellar areas or by extracerebellar structures (i.e., structural cerebellar reserve). In contrast, when pathological changes compromise cerebellar neuronal integrity gradually leading to cell death (e.g., metabolic and immune-mediated cerebellar ataxias, neurodegenerative ataxias), it is possible that the affected area itself can compensate for the slowly evolving cerebellar lesion (i.e., functional cerebellar reserve). Here, we examine cerebellar reserve from the perspective of the three cornerstones of clinical ataxiology: control of ocular movements, coordination of voluntary axial and appendicular movements, and cognitive functions. Current evidence indicates that cerebellar reserve is potentiated by environmental enrichment through the mechanisms of autophagy and synaptogenesis, suggesting that cerebellar reserve is not rigid or fixed, but exhibits plasticity potentiated by experience. These conclusions have therapeutic implications. During the period when cerebellar reserve is preserved, treatments should be directed at stopping disease progression and/or limiting the pathological process. Simultaneously, cerebellar reserve may be potentiated using multiple approaches. Potentiation of cerebellar reserve may lead to compensation and restoration of function in the setting of cerebellar diseases, and also in disorders primarily of the cerebral hemispheres by enhancing cerebellar mechanisms of action. It therefore appears that cerebellar reserve, and the underlying plasticity of cerebellar microcircuitry that enables it, may be of critical neurobiological importance to a wide range of neurological/neuropsychiatric conditions.

show abstract

Section: Cerebellar Cognitive Reserve (Guell X Schmahmann Jd)mentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Cerebellar Cognitive Reserve (Guell X Schmahmann Jd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Consensus Paper. Cerebellar Reserve: From Cerebellar Physiology to Cerebellar Disorders

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A similar limitation is that template-based areal parcellations may not provide comparable approximations of areal boundaries for all participants. Previous analyses of data from this sample have shown that the parcellation delineates largely homogenous functional parcels in both patients and controls , but inter-individual variability in areal boundaries and/or system topographies could still influence our measures (Braga and Buckner, 2017;Gordon et al, 2017;Gratton et al, 2018;Marek et al, 2018). However, template-based parcellation approaches have advantages that are analogous to those described for template-based disconnection approaches.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Structural disconnections explain brain network dysfunction after stroke

Griffis

Metcalf

Corbetta

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Functional connectivity (FC) studies have identified physiological signatures of stroke that correlate with behavior. Using structural and functional MRI data from 114 stroke patients, 24 matched controls, and the Human Connectome Project, we tested the hypothesis that structural disconnection, not damage to critical regions, underlies FC disruptions. Disconnection severity outperformed damage to putative FC connector nodes for explaining reductions in system modularity, and multivariate models based on disconnection outperformed damage models for explaining FC disruptions within and between systems. Across patients, disconnection and FC patterns exhibited a lowdimensional covariance dominated by a single axis linking interhemispheric disconnections to reductions in FC measures of interhemispheric system integration, ipsilesional system segregation, and system modularity, and that correlated with multiple behavioral deficits. These findings clarify the structural basis of FC disruptions in stroke patients and demonstrate a low-dimensional link between perturbations of the structural connectome, disruptions of the functional connectome, and behavioral deficits. Stroke disrupts system-scale functional connectivityResting-state fMRI data were used to measure FC between 324 cortical parcels associated with different brain systems ( Fig. 2A-C). We defined twelve system-scale summary measures to capture reductions of interhemispheric system integration, ipsilesional system segregation, and system modularity. For each patient, we extracted the mean interhemispheric FC values for nine bilateral cortical systems (Fig. 2D, left) and averaged across systems to summarize interhemispheric system integration across the cortex (Fig. 2D, left inset). We also extracted the mean FC between the ipsilesional DAN and DMN to quantify ipsilesional system segregation (Fig. 2D, middle), and we averaged modularity estimates for a priori system partitions across multiple edge density thresholds to summarize overall network structure ( Fig. 2D, right; mean shown in inset).The mean FC matrices for patients and controls had similar topographies ( Fig. 2B; r=0.96, p<0.001), but subtracting the patient matrix from the control matrix revealed magnitude differences that were often in opposite directions for connections with positive vs. negative values in the mean control matrix (Fig. 2C; r=-0.42, p<0.001), consistent with reduced integration within systems and reduced segregation between systems in patients. As expected, patients showed marked abnormalities in FC summary measures of interhemispheric integration, ipsilesional segregation, and system modularity (Fig. 2D). These measures were used as dependent variables in subsequent analyses.

show abstract

“…Of note, is a recent study by Marek et al (2018) who showed that individual variability in cognitive networks is greater than in motor networks measured from resting-state functional connectivity data. In terms of anatomical consistency, we note that the sensorimotor tasks (hand/foot movement) were associated with rather small areas of activity; however, these smaller patches were clearly aligned between subjects, whereas the more diffuse activity associated with cognitive tasks did not.…”

Section: Intersubject Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In terms of anatomical consistency, we note that the sensorimotor tasks (hand/foot movement) were associated with rather small areas of activity; however, these smaller patches were clearly aligned between subjects, whereas the more diffuse activity associated with cognitive tasks did not. Of note, is a recent study by Marek et al (2018) who showed that individual variability in cognitive networks is greater than in motor networks measured from resting-state functional connectivity data. Therefore, the cognitive variability between individuals may reflect genuine individual differences in anatomical representation of higher order cognitive function within the cerebellum, which may emerge during development (Moore, D'Mello, McGrath, & Stoodley, 2017).…”

Section: Intersubject Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensorimotor, language, and working memory representation within the human cerebellum

Ashida

Cerminara

Edwards

et al. 2019

Human Brain Mapping

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The cerebellum is involved in a wide range of behaviours. A key organisational principle from animal studies is that somatotopically corresponding sensory input and motor output reside in the same cerebellar cortical areas. However, compelling evidence for a similar arrangement in humans and whether it extends to cognitive functions is lacking. To address this, we applied cerebellar optimised whole‐brain functional MRI in 20 healthy subjects. To assess spatial overlap within the sensorimotor and cognitive domains, we recorded activity to a sensory stimulus (vibrotactile) and a motor task; the Sternberg verbal working memory (VWM) task; and a verb generation paradigm. Consistent with animal data, sensory and motor activity overlapped with a somatotopic arrangement in ipsilateral areas of the anterior and posterior cerebellum. During the maintenance phase of the Sternberg task, a positive linear relationship between VWM load and activity was observed in right Lobule VI, extending into Crus I bilaterally. Articulatory movement gave rise to bilateral activity in medial Lobule VI. A conjunction of two independent language tasks localised activity during verb generation in right Lobule VI‐Crus I, which overlapped with activity during VWM. These results demonstrate spatial compartmentalisation of sensorimotor and cognitive function in the human cerebellum, with each area involved in more than one aspect of a given behaviour, consistent with an integrative function. Sensorimotor localisation was uniform across individuals, but the representation of cognitive tasks was more variable, highlighting the importance of individual scans for mapping higher order functions within the cerebellum.

show abstract

Spatial and Temporal Organization of the Individual Human Cerebellum

Cited by 265 publications

References 85 publications

Consensus Paper. Cerebellar Reserve: From Cerebellar Physiology to Cerebellar Disorders

Consensus Paper. Cerebellar Reserve: From Cerebellar Physiology to Cerebellar Disorders

Structural disconnections explain brain network dysfunction after stroke

Sensorimotor, language, and working memory representation within the human cerebellum

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About