Spatial and temporal variations of recent shipping along the Northern Sea Route

Li, Xiaoyang; Otsuka, Natsuhiko; Brigham, Lawson W.

doi:10.1016/j.polar.2020.100569

Cited by 32 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Recent reductions in Arctic sea ice extent (Stroeve et al, 2012;National Snow & Ice Data Center, 2020;Simmonds and Li, 2021) have opened up shorter shipping routes between ports in North America, Europe, and Asia (Melia et al, 2016), access to previously inaccessible natural resources such as oil (Harsem et al, 2015), and new destinations for tourism (Maher, 2017). Consequently, the number of ships navigating the Arctic with people and valuable goods on board has increased in recent years (Babin et al, 2020;Li et al, 2021). Given that Arctic sea ice extent will continue to reduce over the 21st century in response to further global warming (Stroeve et al, 2012;Notz and SIMIP Community, 2020;Årthun et al, 2021), human activity in the Arctic is expected to increase further as the Arctic Ocean becomes increasingly accessible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The composite development and structure of intense synoptic-scale Arctic cyclones

Vessey

Hodges

Shaffrey

et al. 2022

Weather Clim. Dynam.

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Abstract. Understanding the location and intensity of hazardous weather across the Arctic is important for assessing risks to infrastructure, shipping, and coastal communities. Key hazards driving these risks are extreme near-surface winds, high ocean waves, and heavy precipitation, which are dependent on the structure and development of intense synoptic-scale cyclones. This study aims to describe the typical lifetime, structure, and development of a large sample of past intense winter (DJF) and summer (JJA) synoptic-scale Arctic cyclones using a storm compositing methodology applied to the ERA5 reanalysis. Results show that the composite development and structure of intense summer Arctic cyclones are different from those of intense winter Arctic and North Atlantic Ocean extra-tropical cyclones and from those described in conceptual models of extra-tropical and Arctic cyclones. The composite structure of intense summer Arctic cyclones shows that they typically undergo a structural transition around the time of maximum intensity from having a baroclinic structure to an axi-symmetric cold-core structure throughout the troposphere, with a low-lying tropopause and large positive temperature anomaly in the lower stratosphere. Summer Arctic cyclones are also found to have longer lifetimes than winter Arctic and North Atlantic Ocean extra-tropical cyclones, potentially causing prolonged hazardous and disruptive weather conditions in the Arctic.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The composite development and structure of intense synoptic-scale Arctic cyclones

Vessey

Hodges

Shaffrey

et al. 2022

Weather Clim. Dynam.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The dramatic reduction in the extent, thickness, and volume of the sea ice combined with more ice-free open water in the summer is extending the shipping season in the Arctic Ocean and opening up new routes (e.g., Northwest Passage, Northern Sea Route [NSR]). Ship traffic has nearly tripled in the Canadian Arctic over the last decade (Dawson et al, 2020), recorded sailings in Greenland increased by 30% between 2004 and 2013 (Lasserre, 2019), in the NSR annual ship number increased from 228 in 2013 to 301 in 2017 with a peak of 317 in 2016 (Li & Otsuka, 2019), while the Arctic Status Shipping Report documents that shipping in the Arctic increased by 25% from 2013 to 2019 (PAME, 2020). Increased shipping is expected over the coming decade with sea ice decline (Meredith et al, 2019), although impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic have not been factored into these projections.…”

Section: Transportationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The rapidly changing Arctic and its societal implications

Ford

Pearce

Canosa

et al. 2021

WIREs Climate Change

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The Arctic is undergoing rapid climate change and is projected to experience the most warming this century of any world region. We review the societal aspects of these current and projected changes. Indigenous knowledge and local knowledge holders living in communities across the Arctic have detected unprecedented increases in temperature, altered precipitation regimes, and changing weather patterns, documenting impacts on terrestrial and marine environments. These local observations situate climate change as one of multiple interacting stressors. Arctic societies have exhibited resilience to climate change, but vulnerabilities are emerging at the nexus of changing environmental conditions and socioeconomic pressures. Infrastructure is highly susceptible to permafrost thaw, coastal erosion, and sea level rise, compounded by the age of infrastructure, maintenance challenges, and cost of adapting. Livelihoods and cultural activities linked to subsistence harvesting have been affected by changes to wildlife, with coping mechanisms undermined by long‐term processes of land dispossession and landscape fragmentation. Reduced sea ice coverage and changing ice dynamics are creating opportunities for enhanced shipping, oil and gas production, and deep‐water fisheries. Legal, infrastructural, economic, and climatic challenges are expected to constrain such developments, with concerns over the distribution of potential benefits. Adaptation is already taking place in some sectors and regions, with efforts directly targeting climate impacts and also addressing underlying determinants of vulnerability. Barriers and limits to adapting are evident. Research that develops projections of future climate impacts is advancing, but studies examining the implications of such changes for communities or economies remain in their infancy. This article is categorized under: Trans‐Disciplinary Perspectives > Regional Reviews

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“…The issue often associated with cabotage policy in East Malaysia, especially in Sabah, is high producer and consumer prices alleged by the high cost of sea transport. The determinants of transport cost have been a subject of investigation for several studies which focused on different issues such as the quality of transport and communication infrastructure (Adriani & Deidda 2011;Schaefer & Barale 2011), economies of scale (Lindstad et al 2012), port efficiency (Cho 2014;Moon & Woo, 2014;Wu & Goh 2010) and the country's connection with international liner-shipping networks (Nair 2012;Li, Otsuka, Brigham 2020). At the heart of the debate, the competition level in the sector of freight rates is one of the determinants of transport costs.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Analysis of Price Disparity: Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah

2020

JEM

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This study examines the price differences between Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah from 2004 using quantitative and qualitative methods. For quantitative research, we employ disaggregate monthly consumer price indices for nine types of goods and services. Based on the Johansen co-integration test, the results reveal that the long-run relationship only exists for transport group. The findings using Granger pair-wise causality test indicated that the prices in Peninsular Malaysia do not determined the price in Sabah. Qualitative research was further conducted via interviews with stakeholders of shipping providers, port authority, government and special interest group show that the price disparity between Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah occurred due to trade imbalance, sluggish economic activities, poor accessibility between port and retailers, insufficient infrastructure and technical facilities and political sentiment.

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Spatial and temporal variations of recent shipping along the Northern Sea Route

Cited by 32 publications

References 29 publications

The composite development and structure of intense synoptic-scale Arctic cyclones

The composite development and structure of intense synoptic-scale Arctic cyclones

The rapidly changing Arctic and its societal implications

An Analysis of Price Disparity: Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah

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