Spatial and Traffic-Aware Routing (STAR) for Vehicular Systems

Abstract

Abstract-Vehicular ad hoc networks are studied with increasing interest for the many possible applications they have. Equipping vehicles with wireless devices primarily allows to design protocols and mechanisms to improve street safety. But also distributed applications for cooperative work, fleet management, passengers entertainment, could be supported. However, novel network protocols must be designed to make the deployment of vehicular networks possible.In this paper we consider the problem of data routing. We propose a novel position-based routing algorithm that is able to exploit both street topology information achieved from geographic information systems and information about spatial distribution of vehicles along street and vehicular traffic, in order to perform accurate routing decisions. The algorithm has been implemented in the NS-2 simulation environment and its performance has been compared with three other algorithms proposed in the literature.

Traffic aware routing in vehicular ad hoc networks: characteristics and challenges

“…For instance, empty or low vehicular density streets are avoided in packet forwarding as they are considered disconnected. In addition, forwarding a packet for a node which has no neighbours closer to destination can be eliminated by choosing roads with high density and good inter-vehicle communication quality [16]. Moreover, forwarding packets through congested routes can be prevented by considering data traffic load per street in routing decisions, which is called network status awareness.…”

Unicast routing protocols for vehicular ad hoc networks: A critical comparison and classification

“…Utilization of this information could be integrated into other protocols. STAR [26], CAR [49], and SADV [21] all explore slightly different methods for real-time traffic density detection. A careful study of these methods would be prudent, as areas for improvement may be found.…”

“…In designing the Spatial and Traffic Aware Routing (STAR) algorithm [26], the drawbacks of the SAR algorithm were observed. The SAR algorithm had the advantage of its underlying spatial model, allowing it to forward packets along streets.…”

Distance vector routing for public transportation vehicular networks: Performance evaluation on a real topology

“…Forwarding from one AP to the next is performed using Geographic Forwarding. Spatial and TrafficAware Routing (STAR) [11] enhances SAR, allowing vehicles to collect and spread traffic information used to weight streets on the road map: the higher the vehicular traffic, the higher the score applied on a certain street. In Anchor-based Street and Traffic Aware Routing (A-STAR) [12], road map streets are weighted on the basis of known bus routes.…”