Spatial anticipatory attentional bias for threat: Reliable individual differences with RT-based online measurement

Gladwin, Thomas; Vink, Matthijs

doi:10.1016/j.concog.2020.102930

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…When people with state relatedness need thwarting happened to meet accepted information, they would be attracted by accepted stimuli easily with attention hardly transferring to other stimuli. On the contrary, when faced with rejection information, they were prone to avoid dangerous stimuli and transfer their attention to neutral or opposite stimuli, therefore generating attentional avoidance [ 14 ]. The present study discovered that bias scores of happy faces in group of state relatedness need thwarting were more significant than those of angry faces; therefore, compared with accepted information, participants with state relatedness need thwarting paid less time on rejection information with less attentional biases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Attentional avoidance means that individuals will move their attention to some opposite stimuli; when representing neutral and dangerous stimuli in the meantime, they tend to avoid dangerous ones. When individuals are attracted to some certain stimuli, it is hard for their attention to be moved to other stimuli, with slower RT to probe following face pictures than to those following neutral pictures; this is called difficulty in attentional disengaging [ 14 ]. Attention is dynamic processing procedure, which is composed of four phases: early orientation, early accelerated detection, and attentional maintenance in early stage and late period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Attentional Biases toward Face-Related Stimuli among Athletes after State Thwarting Need for Relatedness

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2022

Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience

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The present study aimed to examine attentional biases’ components and processes toward the interpersonal evaluation information among athletes after state thwarting need for relatedness. 51 athletes completed a visual dot-probe task while their eye-movements were tracking. Results indicated athletes showed different attentional bias pattern. Acceptance information is early orientation (directional bias); early acceleration detection; sustained to late attention maintenance (difficulty in disengaging). Rejection information is early orientation (directional bias); early accelerated detection; continuous attention to maintenance (attention avoidance); late attention to maintenance (difficulty in disengaging). That is to say, they had motivation to seek acceptance toward the accepted interpersonal evaluation information and to avoid rejection information toward the rejected one. Therefore, it is suggested that the coaches provide more interpersonal communicating opportunities, so as to help them to restore their demands toward interpersonal communication, and provide the customized attentional bias trainings to improve their coping response after state thwarted need for relatedness.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attentional Biases toward Face-Related Stimuli among Athletes after State Thwarting Need for Relatedness

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2022

Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience

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“…Such findings have led to attempts to improve reliability, e.g. via eye tracking or personalised stimuli (Christiansen, Mansfield, et al, 2015) and via predictive cues (Gladwin & Vink, 2020). It has been noted that it is essential to draw valid, nuanced conclusions from such findings (MacLeod et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussion Of Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Third, the study was online, which reduces the level of control over the testing situation relative to lab studies. However, online data can in principle produce reliable attentional bias scores (Gladwin & Vink, 2020), and effects on psychological tasks do not appear to be strongly affected by online performance (Chetverikov & Upravitelev, 2016). The costeffectiveness of online studies is a significant benefit for research, allowing researchers with limited resources to contribute to the field.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attentional bias for negative expressions depends on previous target location: replicable effect but unreliable measures

Gladwin

Jewiss

Vink

2020

Journal of Cognitive Psychology

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Observability of threat-related spatial attentional biases may require previous-trial responses associated with threat-related locations. This carryover effect might affect reliability and correlations. In Study 1, a diagonalized Visual Probe Task was completed online (N=131) with colour, anger, fear and disgust stimuli, with questionnaires on aggression, anxiety, depression and impulsivity. Bias towards negative stimuli was found only following previous targets on the negative location. Study 2 aimed to test an interpretation in terms of cue-evoked attention. Task variants were completed (N=101) with and without removal of the cue when targets appeared. Anger and disgust stimuli and aggression, anxiety and depression scales were used. Carryover was replicated with no interaction with cue offset. Over both tasks, reliability was low and no robust correlations with questionnaires were found. Carryover thus determined whether attentional bias to negative facial expressions was observed, but analyses taking this into account did not improve reliability or reveal correlations.

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“…On the other hand, cognitive assessment through online experiments appear reliable (Gladwin & Vink, 2020). Also, we carried out this study in an (ex-)military, predominantly male sample.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of tDCS during inhibitory control training on performance and PTSD, aggression and anxiety symptoms: a randomized-controlled trial in a military sample

et al. 2021

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Background Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and impulsive aggression are linked to transdiagnostic neurocognitive deficits. This includes impaired inhibitory control over inappropriate responses. Prior studies showed that inhibitory control can be improved by modulating the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in combination with inhibitory control training. However, its clinical potential remains unclear. We therefore aimed to replicate a tDCS-enhanced inhibitory control training in a clinical sample and test whether this reduces stress-related mental health symptoms. Methods In a preregistered double-blind randomized-controlled trial, 100 active-duty military personnel and post-active veterans with PTSD, anxiety, or impulsive aggression symptoms underwent a 5-session intervention where a stop-signal response inhibition training was combined with anodal tDCS over the right IFG for 20 min at 1.25 mA. Inhibitory control was evaluated with the emotional go/no-go task and implicit association test. Stress-related symptoms were assessed by self-report at baseline, post-intervention, and after 3-months and 1-year follow-ups. Results Active relative to sham tDCS neither influenced performance during inhibitory control training nor on assessment tasks, and did also not significantly influence self-reported symptoms of PTSD, anxiety, impulsive aggression, or depression at post-assessment or follow-up. Conclusions Our results do not support the idea that anodal tDCS over the right IFG at 1.25 mA enhances response inhibition training in a clinical sample, or that this tDCS-training combination can reduce stress-related symptoms. Applying different tDCS parameters or combining tDCS with more challenging tasks might provide better conditions to modulate cognitive functioning and stress-related symptoms.

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Spatial anticipatory attentional bias for threat: Reliable individual differences with RT-based online measurement

Cited by 8 publications

References 36 publications

Attentional Biases toward Face-Related Stimuli among Athletes after State Thwarting Need for Relatedness

Attentional Biases toward Face-Related Stimuli among Athletes after State Thwarting Need for Relatedness

Attentional bias for negative expressions depends on previous target location: replicable effect but unreliable measures

Effects of tDCS during inhibitory control training on performance and PTSD, aggression and anxiety symptoms: a randomized-controlled trial in a military sample

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