Spatial concentration of renewables in energy system optimization models

Lohr, Clemens; Schlemminger, Marlon; Peterssen, Florian; Bensmann, Astrid; Niepelt, Raphael; Brendel, Rolf; Hanke‐Rauschenbach, Richard

doi:10.1016/j.renene.2022.07.144

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…A description of the model equations can be found in ref. [27]. For photovoltaic, we use a mix of 50% rooftop and 50% open field plants.…”

Section: Energy System Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Cycle Assessment of a 5 MW Polymer Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis Plant

Gerhardt-Mörsdorf,

Peterssen,

Burfeind

et al. 2024

Adv Energy and Sustain Res

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This study performs a cradle‐to‐grave life cycle assessment of a 5 MW proton exchange membrane water electrolysis plant. The analysis follows a thorough engineering‐based bottom‐up design based on the electrochemical model of the system. Three scenarios are analyzed comprising a state‐of‐the‐art (SoA) plant operated with the German electricity grid‐mix, a SoA plant operated with a completely decarbonized energy system, and a future development plant electrolyzer with reduced energy and material demand, operated in a completely decarbonized energy system. The results display a global warming potential of 34 kg CO2‐eq. kg‐H2−1 and indicate a reduction potential of 89% when the plant is operated in a decarbonized energy system. A further reduction of 9% can be achieved by the technological development of the plant. Due to the reduced impacts of operation in a completely decarbonized energy system, the operation at locations with large offshore wind electricity capacity is recommended. In the construction phase, the stacks, especially the anode catalyst iridium, bipolar plates, and porous transport layers, are identified as dominant sources of the environmental impact. A sensitivity analysis shows that the environmental impact of the construction phase increases with a decreasing amount of operational full load hours of the plant.

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“…A description of the model equations can be found in ref. [27]. For photovoltaic, we use a mix of 50% rooftop and 50% open field plants.…”

Section: Energy System Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Cycle Assessment of a 5 MW Polymer Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis Plant

Gerhardt-Mörsdorf,

Peterssen,

Burfeind

et al. 2024

Adv Energy and Sustain Res

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“…Figure 1 shows the energy flow chart of the system configuration. We use the energy system optimization framework ESTRAM [9,10] developed at Leibniz University Hanover (LUH) with the linear programming solver GUROBI [11] to find the dimensioning with the lowest total costs for PV, wind, electrolysis components, and storages. This does not necessarily mean a high utilization of the electrolyzer.…”

Section: Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Falling Costs for Electrolyzers on the Location Factors for Green Hydrogen Production

et al. 2023

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A fast and extensive build‐up of green hydrogen production is a crucial element for the global energy transition. The availability of low‐cost renewable energy at high operating hours of the electrolyzer is a central criterion in today's choice of location for green hydrogen production. It is analyzed how decreasing electrolyzer costs that are expected by many may influence this choice. The energy system optimization framework ESTRAM is used to find the optimum configuration of wind turbine, photovoltaic (PV), and electrolyzer capacity for covering a given hydrogen demand by locally produced green hydrogen in different European locations. It is found that PV is part of the cost‐optimal solution in 96% of 1372 statistical regions in Europe. Decreasing electrolyzer costs are favoring the utilization of PV in wind–solar hybrid plants. At low electrolyzer costs, pure solar hydrogen outperforms the hybrid variant in many places if hydrogen storage is available, even with few full operating hours per year. At the same time, production costs are converging significantly. The article adds a new perspective to the discussion, as it is systematically shown how further technology development may lead to a shift in locational advantages for green hydrogen production, what should be considered to avoid stranded assets when building infrastructure.

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“…The obtained expansion plans are inevitably dependent on long-term assumptions regarding the future technology and primary fuel costs. These expansion plans result in spatial concentration of WPPs and PVPPs in locations with the best wind and PV energy potential [39][40][41][42]. While this is well aligned with investors' interests, it differs from a spatially optimal allocation from society's point of view since RES production also has adverse environmental impacts, such as loss of biodiversity and disturbances to humans [39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Planning Methodology for Spatially Optimized RES Development Which Minimizes Flexibility Requirements for Their Integration into the Power System

Škrbić

Đurišić

2023

Energies

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An optimization model which determines optimal spatial allocation of wind (WPPs) and PV power plants (PVPPs) for an energy independent power system is developed in this paper. Complementarity of the natural generation profiles of WPPs and PVPPs, as well as differences between generation profiles of WPPs and PVPPs located in different regions, gives us opportunity to optimize the generation capacity structure and spatial allocation of renewable energy sources (RES) in order to satisfy the energy needs while alleviating the total flexibility requirements in the power system. The optimization model is based on least squared error minimization under constraints where the error represents the difference between total wind and solar generation and the referent consumption profile. This model leverages between total energy and total power requirements that flexibility resources in the considered power system need to provide in the sense that the total balancing energy minimization implicitly bounds the power imbalances over the considered time period. Bounding the power imbalances is important for minimizing investment costs for additional flexibility resources. The optimization constraints bound the installed power plant capacity in each region according to the estimated technically available area and force the total energy production to equal the targeted energy needs. The proposed methodology is demonstrated through the example of long-term RES planning development for complete decarbonization of electric energy generation in Serbia. These results could be used as a foundation for the development of the national energy strategy by serving as a guidance for defining capacity targets for regional capacity auctions in order to direct the investments in wind and solar power plants and achieve transition to dominantly renewable electricity production.

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Spatial concentration of renewables in energy system optimization models

Cited by 11 publications

References 19 publications

Life Cycle Assessment of a 5 MW Polymer Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis Plant

Life Cycle Assessment of a 5 MW Polymer Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis Plant

The Influence of Falling Costs for Electrolyzers on the Location Factors for Green Hydrogen Production

Novel Planning Methodology for Spatially Optimized RES Development Which Minimizes Flexibility Requirements for Their Integration into the Power System

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