Spatial confinement growth of perovskite nanocrystals for ultra-flexible solar cells

Abstract

The state-of-the-art flexible perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are generally built on conductive plastic substrate, but they are limited to bending strain effects. We present here spatial confinement growth of (6-ACA) 0.038 (CH 3 NH 3 ) 0.962 PbI 3 nanocrystals from solvothermal-processed precusor for ultra-flexible PSCs made in a three-dimensional gel framework. Our focus is placed on the systematic studies of photovoltaic behaviors at arbitrary deformations. The optimized PSC yields a photoelectric conversion efficiency of 0.88% at undeformed state, and it increases to 2.51% at a bending angle of 120º, to 3.04% at an elongation of 180%, to 2.35% at a twist angle of 360º, and to 1.79% at a compression ratio of 30%. The PSC demonstrates enhanced photovoltaic performances when suffering repeated deformations and remains 82.1% efficiency when exposed in 70%-humidity ambient air over 120 h.Recent advances in energy research call for rational design of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). One of

Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells: From Materials and Device Architectures to Applications

“…High photovoltaic efficiency originates from the outstanding optoelectronic properties of perovskite. − The quality of the perovskite active layer dominates the performance of f-PSCs. − In the process of carrier transport, nonradiative recombination could happen due to the traps in the perovskite layer, which restrains the photovoltaic performance of f-PSCs. Several reports have demonstrated that it has a high trap-state density at the grain boundary, and those traps could be the center of nonradiative recombination. , On the other hand, the undesirable ionic migration in the perovskite can also cause the decline of efficiency. − Improving the crystal quality of perovskite is an effective way to deal with these problems. − …”

Micropatterning Silver Nanowire Networks on Cellulose Nanopaper for Transparent Paper Electronics

“…Transparent, bendable, conductive electrodes are important components for next-generation electronic devices such as smart tablets, rollable displays, foldable phones, and wearable sensors. − Transparent conductive micropatterns on lightweight, bendable, and transparent substrates are particularly valuable for the development of future small, light, foldable, and portable electronic devices, as these foldable microelectrode arrays enable high-density integrated systems. − Plastics have been extensively studied as lightweight alternatives to rigid glass in flexible optoelectronic devices over the past few decades, but they do not have the high bendability that is an essential requirement for future portable electronic devices. , Indium tin oxide (ITO) has long been used as a traditional transparent electrode material due to its optical transparency and electrical conductivity. However, this material is brittle and requires an expensive deposition process, which makes it difficult to apply in next-generation microelectrode technology. , There are a number of intrinsic requirements for fabricating an ideal transparent microelectrode for bendable and portable electronics: (1) the materials used for the transparent substrate must be low-cost, lightweight, and highly bendable as well as easily integrated with conductive materials; (2) the transparent conductive materials must also be bendable or at least highly flexible and stable; (3) micropatterning of conductive materials on substrates must be a simple, fast, and high-throughput process.…”

“…7−9 Plastics have been extensively studied as lightweight alternatives to rigid glass in flexible optoelectronic devices over the past few decades, but they do not have the high bendability that is an essential requirement for future portable electronic devices. 10,11 Indium tin oxide (ITO) has long been used as a traditional transparent electrode material due to its optical transparency and electrical conductivity. However, this material is brittle and requires an expensive deposition process, which makes it difficult to apply in next-generation microelectrode technology.…”