Spatial distribution of air temperature in Toruń (Central Poland) and its causes

Przybylak, Rajmund; Uscka-Kowalkowska, Joanna; Araźny, Andrzej; Kejna, Marek; Kunz, Mieczysław; Maszewski, Rafał

doi:10.1007/s00704-015-1644-2

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…When mapping the local climate zones in this study, we met up with some specific features of the Central European area, which had already been tackled by researchers such as Bechtel and Daneke (2012), Lelovics et al (2014), Lehnert et al (2015), and Przybylak et al (2015). Therefore, because of these regionally-specific features, borders of the intervals of the physical properties of LCZ 4 and LCZ 5 had to be slightly modified, as compared to those suggested by Stewart and Oke (2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GIS-based delineation of local climate zones: The case of medium-sized Central European cities

Geletič

Lehnert

2016

Moravian Geographical Reports

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Stewart and Oke (2012) Czech Republic). The method is based on measurable physical properties and a clearly defined decision-making algorithm. Our analysis shows that the decision-making algorithm for defining the percentage coverage for individual LCZs showed good agreement (in 79-89% of cases) with areas defined on the basis of expert knowledge. When the distribution of LCZs on the basis of our method and the method of Bechtel and Daneke (2012) was compared, the results were broadly similar; however, considerable differences occurred for LCZs 3, 5, 10, D, and E. It

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GIS-based delineation of local climate zones: The case of medium-sized Central European cities

Geletič

Lehnert

2016

Moravian Geographical Reports

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“…Since then, the number of inhabitants in Toruń has remained more or less stable (Przybylak et al 2017).…”

Section: Area Data and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Before this time, there was no building development around the meteorological station. Also, the urban heat island which exists in Toruń (see Przybylak et al 2017) does not significantly influence measurements, because the station is located on the outskirts of the city. The mean annual daily difference is 0.1°C lower here than at the rural station (see Fig.…”

Section: Area Data and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Air temperature changes in Toruń (central Poland) from 1871 to 2010

Pospieszyńska

Przybylak

2018

Theor Appl Climatol

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The article presents a detailed analysis of changes in air temperature in Toruń in the period 1871-2010 on the basis of homogenised monthly, seasonal and annual air temperature series which have been newly constructed (i.e. extended by the 50 years of . Over the 140-year study period, a sizeable and statistically significant increase of 0.1°C per decade was found in the air temperature in Toruń. The greatest increases occurred for spring and winter, at 0.12 and 0.11°C, respectively. A lesser warming, meanwhile, was recorded for autumn (0.10°C/10 years), and particularly for summer (0.07°C/10 years). The air temperature trends are statistically significant for all seasons. Air temperature differences between the monthly averages of three analysed subperiods (1871-1900, 1901-1950 and 1951-2010) and averages for the entire period under review rarely exceeded ± 0.5°C. In all of these periods, the highest average air temperatures occurred in July and the lowest in January. The period of 1981-2010 had the highest frequency of occurrence of very and extremely warm seasons and years. Meanwhile, the highest frequency of very and extremely cool seasons and years was recorded in the 1940s and in the nineteenth century. In the period of 1871-2010, winters shortened markedly (by 7%) and summers lengthened by 3.8%. All of the presented aspects of air temperature in Toruń, which is representative of the climate of central Poland, are in close agreement with the findings of analogous studies of the same for other areas of Poland and Central Europe.

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“…This leads to substantial atmospheric emissions of pollutants generated by communal, transport and industrial activities, which affects the climate conditions of urban areas (Landsberg 1981). A specific urban climate develops, best characterised by the Urban Heat Island phenomenon (Błażejczyk 2002;Fortuniak et al 2006;Stewart and Oke 2012;Przybylak et al 2017), but which also involves modified wind directions and restricted wind speeds (Landsberg 1981), decreased relative humidity (Ackerman 1986;Adebayo 1991;Unkašewić et al 2001), increased cloudiness and a certain frequency of occurrence of hydrometeors, as well as a reduced amount of incoming solar radiation (Landsberg 1981;Abakumova et al 1983;Kozłowska-Szczęsna et al 1996). A changed amount of solar radiation reaching the earth's surface disturbs the energy balance, which in turn affects physical processes that occur in the atmospheric boundary layer, thus affecting the quality of life of urban communities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Linke turbidity factor in Warsaw and in Belsk

Uscka-Kowalkowska

Posyniak

Markowicz

et al. 2017

Bulletin of Geography. Physical Geography Series

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Abstract. The paper describes the relationship between direct solar radiation in a city (Warsaw) and in its broadly-defined suburban area (Belsk). The analysis covers the days of 1969-2003 when observations were carried out at both sites. The degree of extinction of solar radiation was expressed by means of Linke's turbidity factor. Its mean annual value on the selected days of the period under consideration was 3.00± 0.10 in Warsaw and 2.87±0.11 in Belsk. Average atmospheric turbidity for individual seasons of the year as well as for the whole year was higher in Warsaw than in Belsk. In all cases, except for the summer, these differences were statistically significant. The period considered was divided into two sub-periods (1969-1993 and 1994-2003), in which atmospheric turbidity in Warsaw and in Belsk was compared by individual seasons and whole years. At both analysed sites Linke's atmospheric turbidity factor decreased in 1994-2003, compared to the values for the earlier sub-period . However, the average annual atmospheric turbidity in Warsaw in comparison to Belsk remained the same, i.e. greater turbidity occurred in the city in both sub-periods.

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Spatial distribution of air temperature in Toruń (Central Poland) and its causes

Cited by 15 publications

References 23 publications

GIS-based delineation of local climate zones: The case of medium-sized Central European cities

GIS-based delineation of local climate zones: The case of medium-sized Central European cities

Air temperature changes in Toruń (central Poland) from 1871 to 2010

Comparison of the Linke turbidity factor in Warsaw and in Belsk

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