Spatial Distribution of the Speed of Sound in Biological Materials with the Scanning Laser Acoustic Microscope

Embree, P.M.; Tervola, K.; Foster, Stuart; O’Brien, William D.

doi:10.1109/t-su.1985.31601

Cited by 24 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Doppler flow and motion imaging, as described in section 4.7.3, is a narrow frequency band method in which processing is performed in the frequency domain. Embree and O'Brien (1985) and Bonnefous and Pesque (1986) independently described how flow and motion information can also be obtained from broadband ultrasonic echoes by means of time-domain processing. The method depends on temporal tracking of the spatial position of individual coherent blood ensembles or tissue constituents.…”

Section: Doppler Flow and Motion Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonic imaging of the human body

Wells

1999

Rep. Prog. Phys.

161

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Ultrasonic imaging is a mature medical technology. It accounts for one in four imaging studies and this proportion is increasing. Wave propagation, beam formation, the Doppler effect and the properties of tissues that affect imaging are discussed. The transducer materials and construction of the probes used in imaging are described, as well as the methods of measuring the ultrasonic field. The history of ultrasonic imaging is briefly reviewed. The pulse-echo technique is used for real-time grey-scale imaging and the factors that limit the spatial and temporal resolutions are considered. The construction and performance of transducer arrays are discussed, together with the associated beam steering and signal processing systems. Speckle and scattering by blood are introduced, particularly in the context of the observation of blood flow by means of the Doppler effect and by time-domain signal processing. Colour flow imaging, and the colour coding schemes used for velocity and power imaging, are explained. The acquisition and display of three-dimensional images are discussed, with particular reference to speed and segmentation. Specialized imaging methods, including endoluminal scanning, synthetic aperture imaging, computed tomography, elasticity imaging, microscanning, contrast agents, and tissue harmonic imaging, are reviewed. There is a discussion of issues relating to safety. Conclusions are drawn and future prospects are considered.

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Section: Doppler Flow and Motion Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonic imaging of the human body

Wells

1999

Rep. Prog. Phys.

161

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“…As fixed input parameters for modeling the properties of the coupling fluid and the substrate are either obtained from the literature or determined experimentally. The relevant properties of the 0.9% w/v NaCl solution (coupling fluid) and those of the glass slides serving as substrate (microscope slides to which the cells are adhered) are listed in Table 2 (Embree et al, 1985; Ainslie & McColm, 1998; Amjad et al, 2008). To determine the parameters of the sample, the model calculations performed by a custom-designed software is operated recursively with continuously upgraded parameters to calculate the V ( d ) iteratively until an optimum fit to the experimental data is obtained.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Dependent Acoustic and Microelastic Properties of Red Blood Cells Determined by Vector Contrast Acoustic Microscopy

et al. 2012

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Variations of the mechanical properties of red blood cells that occur during their life span have long been an intriguing task for investigations. The research presented is based on noninvasive monitoring of red blood cells of different ages performed by scanning acoustic microscopy with magnitude and phase contrast. The characteristic signature of fixed cells from groups of three different ages fractionated according to mass density is obtained from the acoustic microscope images, with the data represented in polar graphs. The analysis of these data enables the determination of averaged values for the velocities of ultrasound propagating in the cells from the different groups ranging from (1,681 ± 16) m s(-1) in the youngest to (1,986 ± 20) m s(-1) in the oldest group. The determined bulk modulus varies with age from (3.04 ± 0.05) GPa to (4.34 ± 0.08) GPa. An approach to determine for an age-mixed population of red blood cells, collected from a healthy person, the age of the individual cells and the age dependence of the cell parameters including density, velocity, and attenuation of longitudinal polarized ultrasonic waves traveling in the cells is demonstrated.

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“…The scanning laser acoustic microscope ('SLAM' -see Chapter 11) has been used to measure the spatial distribution of the speed of sound in tissue specimens of thicknesses 300-900 mm over a 3 mm by 2 mm field of view at an ultrasonic frequency of 100 MHz (Embree et al 1985). For homogeneous media the method has a precision of the order of AE0.3% and tends to overestimate the absolute value, but not by more than 2%.…”

Section: Microscopic Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Speed of Sound

Bamber

2004

Physical Principles of Medical Ultrasonics

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Spatial Distribution of the Speed of Sound in Biological Materials with the Scanning Laser Acoustic Microscope

Cited by 24 publications

References 15 publications

Ultrasonic imaging of the human body

Ultrasonic imaging of the human body

Age-Dependent Acoustic and Microelastic Properties of Red Blood Cells Determined by Vector Contrast Acoustic Microscopy

Speed of Sound

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