Ultrasonic imaging of the human body

Wells, P.N.T.

doi:10.1088/0034-4885/62/5/201

Cited by 161 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 139 publications

(132 reference statements)

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“…The speed of sound is relatively constant at 1.5 mm/ s with a small variation of less than 10% in most soft tissues. 18,33 If acoustic heterogeneity becomes important, we should resort to a pure acoustic technique, such as ultrasound tomography, to map out the acoustic inhomogeneity for a more accurate calculation of the PA wave propagation.…”

Section: Pa Propagation and Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoacoustic imaging in biomedicine

Wang

2006

Review of Scientific Instruments

2,400

1,859

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Photoacoustic imaging ͑also called optoacoustic or thermoacoustic imaging͒ has the potential to image animal or human organs, such as the breast and the brain, with simultaneous high contrast and high spatial resolution. This article provides an overview of the rapidly expanding field of photoacoustic imaging for biomedical applications. Imaging techniques, including depth profiling in layered media, scanning tomography with focused ultrasonic transducers, image forming with an acoustic lens, and computed tomography with unfocused transducers, are introduced. Special emphasis is placed on computed tomography, including reconstruction algorithms, spatial resolution, and related recent experiments. Promising biomedical applications are discussed throughout the text, including ͑1͒ tomographic imaging of the skin and other superficial organs by laser-induced photoacoustic microscopy, which offers the critical advantages, over current high-resolution optical imaging modalities, of deeper imaging depth and higher absorption contrasts, ͑2͒ breast cancer detection by near-infrared light or radio-frequency-wave-induced photoacoustic imaging, which has important potential for early detection, and ͑3͒ small animal imaging by laser-induced photoacoustic imaging, which measures unique optical absorption contrasts related to important biochemical information and provides better resolution in deep tissues than optical imaging.

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Section: Pa Propagation and Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoacoustic imaging in biomedicine

Wang

2006

Review of Scientific Instruments

2,400

1,859

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“…The evolution of medical ultrasonics can be traced through contemporary reviews (see [31][32][33][34][35][36]). For an up-to-date tutorial, see Halliwell [37].…”

Section: The Physical Principles Of Pulse-echo and Doppler Ultrasoundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medical ultrasound: imaging of soft tissue strain and elasticity

Wells

Liang

2011

J. R. Soc. Interface.

448

322

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After X-radiography, ultrasound is now the most common of all the medical imaging technologies. For millennia, manual palpation has been used to assist in diagnosis, but it is subjective and restricted to larger and more superficial structures. Following an introduction to the subject of elasticity, the elasticity of biological soft tissues is discussed and published data are presented. The basic physical principles of pulse-echo and Doppler ultrasonic techniques are explained. The history of ultrasonic imaging of soft tissue strain and elasticity is summarized, together with a brief critique of previously published reviews. The relevant techniques—low-frequency vibration, step, freehand and physiological displacement, and radiation force (displacement, impulse, shear wave and acoustic emission)—are described. Tissue-mimicking materials are indispensible for the assessment of these techniques and their characteristics are reported. Emerging clinical applications in breast disease, cardiology, dermatology, gastroenterology, gynaecology, minimally invasive surgery, musculoskeletal studies, radiotherapy, tissue engineering, urology and vascular disease are critically discussed. It is concluded that ultrasonic imaging of soft tissue strain and elasticity is now sufficiently well developed to have clinical utility. The potential for further research is examined and it is anticipated that the technology will become a powerful mainstream investigative tool.

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“…The most classical x-ray mammography does not provide an adequate differentiation between benign and malign tumors and is also risky for the health of the patients since it uses ionizing radiation [3]. Ultrasonic and optical imaging techniques have been successfully demonstrated a high specificity in differential diagnosis of malignant and benign tumors and are absolutely harmless to human body [4,5]. Ultrasonic imaging has high resolution combined with a high penetration depth, but the contrast between the tumor and the healthy tissues is not appropriately enough [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optoacoustic response of gold nanorods in soft phantoms using high-power diode laser assemblies at 870 and 905 nm

Leggio

Gawali

Gallego

et al. 2017

Biomed. Opt. Express

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Abstract:In the present paper we show the optoacoustic (OA) response of two solutions of gold nanorods dispersed in distilled water (0.8 mg/ml) and hosted in tissue-like phantoms by using small arrays of HPDLs at 870 and 905 nm as excitation sources. The HPDLs are coupled to a 7-to-1 optical fiber bundle with output diameter of 675 μm. Each solution of gold nanorods exhibits an absorption peak close to the operating wavelength, i.e. ~860 nm and ~900 nm, respectively, to optimize the generation of OA signals. The phantoms are made of agar, intralipid and hemoglobin to simulate a soft biological tissue with reduced properties of scattering. Three 3-mm diameter tubes done in the phantoms at different depths (0.9 cm, 1.8 cm, and 2.7 cm) have been filled with gold nanorods. In this way, OA signals with appreciable SNR are generated at different depths in the phantoms. The high OA response exhibited by gold nanorods suggests their application in OA spectroscopy as exogenous contrast agents to detect and monitor emerging diseases like metastasis and arteriosclerotic plaques.

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Ultrasonic imaging of the human body

Cited by 161 publications

References 139 publications

Photoacoustic imaging in biomedicine

Photoacoustic imaging in biomedicine

Medical ultrasound: imaging of soft tissue strain and elasticity

Optoacoustic response of gold nanorods in soft phantoms using high-power diode laser assemblies at 870 and 905 nm

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