Spatial distribution of the temperature and the number densities of electrons and atomic and ionic species in an inductively coupled RF argon plasma

Kornblum, G.R.; Galan, L. de

doi:10.1016/0584-8547(77)80011-6

Cited by 164 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The attributes and limitations of ICP-OES have been discussed by several authors (Kornblum and De Galan, 1977;Jarosz et al, 1978;Barnes and Boumans, 1978;Larson and Fassel, 1979;Uchida et al, 1981;Ingle and Crouch, 1988;Tripković and Holclajtner-Antunović, 1993;Galley and Hieftje, 1994;Hou and Jones, 2000;Hill, 2008;Butcher, 2010;Thompson, 2012). Critical parameters that affect the ICP-OES analytical performance and require optimization are: RF power, nebulizer gas flow rate, viewing height and sample introduction rate (Boumans, 1979;Zhaneni and Wagatsuma, 2002;Raaijmakers et al, 1983;Boumans, 1987).…”

Section: Theoreticalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of two-level full factorial design and response surface methodology in the optimization of inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICPOES) instrumental parameters for the determination of platinum

Mapfumo¹,

Zaranyika²

2017

J. Geol. Min. Res.

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Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) determination of platinum was optimized using 2-level, 4-factor full factorial design and response surface methodologies. Four factors, namely carrier gas flow rate, sample solution flow rate as represented by the pump speed, plasma observation height and RF power, were employed in the factorial design. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a p-value significance level of 0.05 was used to assess the significance of the factors on platinum analytical line emission intensity. The main effects of carrier gas flow rate and plasma power, and the interaction effect of carrier gas flow rate and plasma power, were found to be statistically significant and were varied during subsequent optimization procedure using contour map and response surface methodologies. Plasma observation height and pump speed were found to have an insignificant effect on the platinum intensity and were held constant at 10 mm above the load coil and 30 revolutions per minute, respectively during the optimization procedure. The optimized procedure comprised of a carrier gas flow rate of 0.70 L/min and plasma power of 1400 W, and was validated by analysis of Certified Reference Materials (CRMs) AMIS 0132 for low platinum grades and AMIS 0164 for high platinum grades. The instrumental limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantization (LOQ) obtained were 0.035 µg/g Pt and 0.105 µg/g Pt, respectively, and highly precise determinations of Pt (0.21 to 0.24% RSD) were obtained when three batches of PMG ore floatation concentrates were analyzed using the optimized ICP-OES parameters.

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Section: Theoreticalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of two-level full factorial design and response surface methodology in the optimization of inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICPOES) instrumental parameters for the determination of platinum

Mapfumo¹,

Zaranyika²

2017

J. Geol. Min. Res.

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“…The values of

I_{u ​ l}

were measured using the spectrograph and the values of

λ_{ul}

g_{normalu}

A_{u ​ l}

, and

E_{normalu}

were taken from the literature . If

\ln true(I_{ul} λ_{ul} / g_{normalu} A_{ul} true)

is plotted against

E_{normalu}

for several spectral lines (all must be Ar–I lines) reciprocal of the slope of the straight line plot gives the temperature as in Eq.…”

Section: Experimental Setup and Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The temperature and the flow patterns and the electron number density of ICP depend on various operating parameters like the input power, frequency, plasma, and sheath gas flow rates and the coil position (Kelliget and El‐Kaddah). Kornblum and de Galan measured the temperature of various atomic and ionic species in a low power ICP at three different heights above the induction coil. Barnes and Scheicher have reported velocity and temperature profiles near the induction coil region of an ICP used for spectrochemical analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow and temperature patterns in an inductively coupled plasma reactor: Experimental measurements and CFD simulations

Punjabi

Sahasrabudhe²,

Ghorui³

et al. 2014

AIChE Journal

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Measurements of temperature patterns in an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) have been carried out experimentally. Plasma torch was operated at different RF powers in the range of 3-14 kW at near atmospheric pressure and over a wide range of sheath gas flow rate (3-25 lpm). Measurements were made at five different axial positions in ICP torch. The chordal intensities were converted into a radial intensity profile by Abel Inversion technique. Typical radial temperature profile shows an off-axis temperature peak, which shifts toward the wall as the power increases. Temperatures in the range of 6000-14,000 K were recorded by this method. The temperature profiles in the plasma reactor were simulated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). A good agreement was found between the CFD predictions of the flow and temperature pattern with those published in the literature as well as the temperature profiles measured in the present work.

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“…A better un der stand ing of the in ter fer ence mech a nisms in volved seems to be cru cial to re duc ing ef fectively the ma trix in ter fer ence and mea sur ing trace analytes pre cisely, in ad di tion to op ti miz ing the op er at ing con di tions. Es sen tially the re sul tant in ter fer ence may cause such ef fects as shift ing the ion iza tion equlibrium of the analyte, 1,2 in ducing chem i cal re ac tions, 3,4 vary ing the prop er ties of analyte vol a til iza tion 5,6 and at om iza tion, 7,8 quench ing the analyte pop u la tion in the ex cited state, 9,10 chang ing the trans port prop er ties of so lu tions into a flame or an ICP sys tem, 11,12 reform ing the spa tial dis tri bu tion of the analyte pop u la tion, 13,14 caus ing broad en ing of the line shape 15,16 and af fect ing the diffu sion of the con cen tra tion gra di ent 17,18 and sys tem tem per ature. 19,20 The phys i cal and chem i cal phe nom ena in volved are very com pli cated and thus the in ter pre ta tion is very di ver sified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Matrix Effect of Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metal Halides on Fluorescence Quantum Yield of Indium in Laser‐Induced Fluorescence Flame Spectrometry

Ke¹,

Lin²

2002

J Chinese Chemical Soc

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As in ter fered with by al kali and al ka line earth metal halides added as the ma trix in an acet y lene/air flame, the flu o res cence quan tum yield of In as the analyte in a la ser-induced flu o res cence (LIF) flame spec trom e try has been thor oughly char ac ter ized. The flu o res cence quan tum yield is de ter mined by a ra t io of F to A, where F is the mea sured flu o res cence of In and A is the dif fer ence be tween the ab sorp tion sig nals re corded for the analyte and the blank so lu tions. The nor mal ized flu o res cence sig nal is treated to pre vent de vi a tions due to vari a tions of the at om iza tion ef fi ciency un der the con di tions with and with out the ma trix added. The flu o rescence quan tum yield is mea sured to be al most in de pend ent of the ma trix con cen tra tion up to 500 ppm ( g/mL) stud ied, un der con di tions of ei ther op ti cal unsaturation or sat u ra tion. By con sid er ing a quench ing ef fect induced by elec tron-atom col li sions, the cal cu lated flu o res cence quan tum yields are con sis tent with our ob serva tions.

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Spatial distribution of the temperature and the number densities of electrons and atomic and ionic species in an inductively coupled RF argon plasma

Cited by 164 publications

References 40 publications

Application of two-level full factorial design and response surface methodology in the optimization of inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICPOES) instrumental parameters for the determination of platinum

Application of two-level full factorial design and response surface methodology in the optimization of inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICPOES) instrumental parameters for the determination of platinum

Flow and temperature patterns in an inductively coupled plasma reactor: Experimental measurements and CFD simulations

Matrix Effect of Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metal Halides on Fluorescence Quantum Yield of Indium in Laser‐Induced Fluorescence Flame Spectrometry

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