Spatial genetic structure in a crustacean herbivore highlights the need for local considerations in Baltic Sea biodiversity management

Wit, Pierre De; Jonsson, Per R.; Pereyra, Ricardo T.; Panova, Marina; André, Carl; Johannesson, Kerstin

doi:10.1111/eva.12914

Cited by 22 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Differences in the local environment result in the presence of locally adapted populations [10] with varying potential to respond to differential environmental conditions [11]. Currently, it is still poorly known if and how variability in the local environment is reflected in the genetic structure of populations [12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trans-Atlantic Distribution and Introgression as Inferred from Single Nucleotide Polymorphism: Mussels Mytilus and Environmental Factors

Wenne

Zbawicka

Bach

et al. 2020

Genes

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Large-scale climate changes influence the geographic distribution of biodiversity. Many taxa have been reported to extend or reduce their geographic range, move poleward or displace other species. However, for closely related species that can hybridize in the natural environment, displacement is not the only effect of changes of environmental variables. Another option is subtler, hidden expansion, which can be found using genetic methods only. The marine blue mussels Mytilus are known to change their geographic distribution despite being sessile animals. In addition to natural dissemination at larval phase—enhanced by intentional or accidental introductions and rafting—they can spread through hybridization and introgression with local congeners, which can create mixed populations sustaining in environmental conditions that are marginal for pure taxa. The Mytilus species have a wide distribution in coastal regions of the Northern and Southern Hemisphere. In this study, we investigated the inter-regional genetic differentiation of the Mytilus species complex at 53 locations in the North Atlantic and adjacent Arctic waters and linked this genetic variability to key local environmental drivers. Of seventy-nine candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), all samples were successfully genotyped with a subset of 54 SNPs. There was a clear interregional separation of Mytilus species. However, all three Mytilus species hybridized in the contact area and created hybrid zones with mixed populations. Boosted regression trees (BRT) models showed that inter-regional variability was important in many allele models but did not prevail over variability in local environmental factors. Local environmental variables described over 40% of variability in about 30% of the allele frequencies of Mytilus spp. For the 30% of alleles, variability in their frequencies was only weakly coupled with local environmental conditions. For most studied alleles the linkages between environmental drivers and the genetic variability of Mytilus spp. were random in respect to “coding” and “non-coding” regions. An analysis of the subset of data involving functional genes only showed that two SNPs at Hsp70 and ATPase genes correlated with environmental variables. Total predictive ability of the highest performing models (r2 between 0.550 and 0.801) were for alleles that discriminated most effectively M. trossulus from M. edulis and M. galloprovincialis, whereas the best performing allele model (BM101A) did the best at discriminating M. galloprovincialis from M. edulis and M. trossulus. Among the local environmental variables, salinity, water temperature, ice cover and chlorophyll a concentration were by far the greatest predictors, but their predictive performance varied among different allele models. In most cases changes in the allele frequencies along these environmental gradients were abrupt and occurred at a very narrow range of environmental variables. In general, regions of change in allele frequencies for M. trossulus occurred at 8–11 psu, 0–10 °C, 60%–70% of ice cover and 0–2 mg m−3 of chlorophyll a, M. edulis at 8–11 and 30–35 psu, 10–14 °C and 60%–70% of ice cover and for M. galloprovincialis at 30–35 psu, 14–20 °C.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trans-Atlantic Distribution and Introgression as Inferred from Single Nucleotide Polymorphism: Mussels Mytilus and Environmental Factors

Wenne

Zbawicka

Bach

et al. 2020

Genes

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“…Environmental heterogeneity in coastal systems should therefore impose differential selection pressures, facilitating local adaptation and genetic differentiation [ 5 , 6 ]. While many marine species are thought to exhibit low genetic differentiation due to large population sizes and high dispersal potential, there is growing evidence suggesting that many coastal organisms display surprisingly fine-scale population structuring and local adaptation [ 7 – 10 ]. Along with oceanographic patterns and coastal topography, the support for climatic environmental gradients acting as barriers to gene flow is steadily increasing [ 11 – 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-model seascape genomics identifies distinct environmental drivers of selection among sympatric marine species

et al. 2020

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Background As global change and anthropogenic pressures continue to increase, conservation and management increasingly needs to consider species’ potential to adapt to novel environmental conditions. Therefore, it is imperative to characterise the main selective forces acting on ecosystems, and how these may influence the evolutionary potential of populations and species. Using a multi-model seascape genomics approach, we compare putative environmental drivers of selection in three sympatric southern African marine invertebrates with contrasting ecology and life histories: Cape urchin (Parechinus angulosus), Common shore crab (Cyclograpsus punctatus), and Granular limpet (Scutellastra granularis). Results Using pooled (Pool-seq), restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq), and seven outlier detection methods, we characterise genomic variation between populations along a strong biogeographical gradient. Of the three species, only S. granularis showed significant isolation-by-distance, and isolation-by-environment driven by sea surface temperatures (SST). In contrast, sea surface salinity (SSS) and range in air temperature correlated more strongly with genomic variation in C. punctatus and P. angulosus. Differences were also found in genomic structuring between the three species, with outlier loci contributing to two clusters in the East and West Coasts for S. granularis and P. angulosus, but not for C. punctatus. Conclusion The findings illustrate distinct evolutionary potential across species, suggesting that species-specific habitat requirements and responses to environmental stresses may be better predictors of evolutionary patterns than the strong environmental gradients within the region. We also found large discrepancies between outlier detection methodologies, and thus offer a novel multi-model approach to identifying the principal environmental selection forces acting on species. Overall, this work highlights how adding a comparative approach to seascape genomics (both with multiple models and species) can elucidate the intricate evolutionary responses of ecosystems to global change.

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“…Where ocean currents strongly influence connectivity, several ecosystem components (e.g. key‐stone species) may show similar connectivity patterns and thus together amplify the connectivity impact in some areas (De Witt et al, 2020). When adding up the cumulative impact across ecosystem components the inclusion of seascape connectivity may significantly alter the spatial distribution of CIA and also of the relative impact of different MSP scenarios.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As in this study, biophysical modelling is increasingly used to estimate connectivity of a range of species with sufficient coverage in space and time (Cowen & Sponaugle, 2009). Several recent studies suggest that biophysical models may adequately represent connectivity when compared to independent methods mainly based on genetic markers (Jahnke et al., 2018; De Witt et al, 2020). However, biophysical models may only represent connectivity for species where dispersal is significantly influenced by the oceanographic circulation excluding, e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining seascape connectivity with cumulative impact assessment in support of ecosystem‐based marine spatial planning

Jonsson

Hammar

Wåhlström

et al. 2020

Journal of Applied Ecology

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Cumulative impact assessment (CIA) is a promising approach to guide marine spatial planning (MSP) and management. One limitation of CIA is the neglect of seascape connectivity, which may spread the impact of localized pressures to ambient areas, e.g. through lost dispersal and recruitment of organisms. We here, for the first time, incorporate seascape connectivity into a traditional CIA model using a connectivity matrix, exemplified by dispersal of propagules estimated through biophysical modelling. Two connectivity impacts are identified: the source impact represents downstream areas losing recruits because of reduced larval dispersal from sites affected by the pressure, and the sink impact represents loss of recruits originating from upstream areas prevented from settlement in the site affected by the local pressure. By including seascape connectivity in the Swedish MSP‐guiding CIA tool Symphony we demonstrate how to practically account for remote effects of local environmental impact. Our example on blue mussel shows how reducing mussel fitness in a given area may have impacts on mussels far from the acting pressures. Overall, results indicate that connectivity impact for blue mussels plays a minor role in most areas, <10% of the ordinary cumulative impact. However, in some smaller areas, e.g. on offshore banks and the Danish Straits, seascape connectivity may increase ordinary cumulative impact with 20%–30%. In an example of scenario‐based CIA analyses of MSP projections, we demonstrate how impacts of particular management actions, e.g. shipping rerouting and wind power developments, can be tracked far from the original area of influence. Depending on the dispersal ability of ecosystem components, a local pressure may impact a considerable area through seascape connectivity, transgressing management units and national borders. Although the mean connectivity impact may be modest for a single ecosystem component, the consideration of seascape connectivity across multiple ecosystem components may significantly alter the mapping of cumulative impact and the assessment of different MSP scenarios. Synthesis and applications. Our extension of Cumulative Impact Assessment offers a new method for mapping and practically integrating seascape connectivity with ecosystem‐based MSP and other spatial instruments for policy making, such as marine protected areas.

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Spatial genetic structure in a crustacean herbivore highlights the need for local considerations in Baltic Sea biodiversity management

Cited by 22 publications

References 80 publications

Trans-Atlantic Distribution and Introgression as Inferred from Single Nucleotide Polymorphism: Mussels Mytilus and Environmental Factors

Trans-Atlantic Distribution and Introgression as Inferred from Single Nucleotide Polymorphism: Mussels Mytilus and Environmental Factors

Multi-model seascape genomics identifies distinct environmental drivers of selection among sympatric marine species

Combining seascape connectivity with cumulative impact assessment in support of ecosystem‐based marine spatial planning

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