Spatial mapping and size distribution of oxidative potential of particulate matter released by spatially disaggregated sources

Massimi, Lorenzo; Ristorini, Martina; Simonetti, Giulia; Frezzini, Maria Agostina; Astolfi, Maria Luisa; Canepari, Silvia

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115271

Cited by 32 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Other assays employ chemical cell-free tests based on the capacity of particles to oxidize target antioxidants chosen to mimic the constituents of the respiratory tract lining fluids, which is the first physical interface encountered by inhaled substances [35,36]. These tests rely, for the most part, on analysis of the extracts of ambient particles collected on filters in the field for a specific period of time [27,[37][38][39][40][41][42][43]. Among the most operated chemical cell-free tests, some are performed by measuring the loss rate of antioxidants such as ascorbic acid (AA) and glutathione (GSH) or a proxy of cellular reductants like dithiothreitol (DTT).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphate Buffer Solubility and Oxidative Potential of Single Metals or Multielement Particles of Welding Fumes

et al. 2020

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To evaluate the chemical behavior and the health impact of welding fumes (WF), a complex and heterogeneous mixture of particulate metal oxides, two certified reference materials (CRMs) were tested: mild steel WF (MSWF-1) and stainless steel WF (SSWF-1). We determined their total chemical composition, their solubility, and their oxidative potential in a phosphate buffer (PB) solution under physiological conditions (pH 7.4 and 37 °C). The oxidative potential (OPDTT) of WF CRMs was evaluated using an acellular method by following the dithiothreitol (DTT) consumption rate (µmol DTT L−1 min−1). Pure metal salts present in the PB soluble fraction of the WF CRMs were tested individually at equivalent molarity to estimate their specific contribution to the total OPDTT. The metal composition of MSWF-1 consisted mainly of Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu and the SSWF-1 composition consisted mainly of Fe, Mn, Cr, Ni, Cu, and Zn, in diminishing order. The metal PB solubility decreased from Cu (11%) to Fe (approximately 0.2%) for MSWF-1 and from Mn (9%) to Fe (<1%) for SSWF-1. The total OPDTT of SSWF-1 is 2.2 times the OPDTT of MSWF-1 due to the difference in oxidative capacity of soluble transition metals. Cu (II) and Mn (II) are the most sensitive towards DTT while Cr (VI), Fe (III), and Zn (II) are barely reactive, even at higher concentrations. The OPDTT measured for both WF CRMs extracts compare well with simulated extracts containing the main metals at their respective PB-soluble concentrations. The most soluble transition metals in the simulated extract, Mn (II) and Cu (II), were the main contributors to OPDTT in WF CRMs extracts. Mn (II), Cu (II), and Ni (II) might enhance the DTT oxidation by a redox catalytic reaction. However, summing the main individual soluble metal DTT response induces a large overestimation probably linked to modifications in the speciation of various metals when mixed. The complexation of metals with different ligands present in solution and the interaction between metals in the PB-soluble fraction are important phenomena that can influence OPDTT depletion and therefore the potential health effect of inhaled WF.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphate Buffer Solubility and Oxidative Potential of Single Metals or Multielement Particles of Welding Fumes

et al. 2020

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“…PM 10 filters collected from one of the two sample lines were processed by following a previously optimized and detailed chemical fractionation procedure, involving the water-extraction of PM 10 filters and the acid digestion of the residue, followed by elemental analysis of both the water-soluble and insoluble fractions [49,50,52,53]. After the removal of the supporting polymethyl pentene ring from each sampled filter, PM 10 filters were immersed in 10 mL of deionized water (produced by Arioso UP 900 Integrate Water Purification System, Seoul, Korea) and then extracted by rotating agitation (Rotator, Glas-Col, Hangzhou Yooning Instrunents, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China) for 30 min at 60 rpm.…”

Section: Analytical Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further information about the instrumental conditions and performance of the method is reported in Astolfi et al [54]. The analyzed elements were selected as they were already identified as primary elemental tracers of the predominant emission sources in the Terni basin [49,50]. The minimum detection limit (MDL), concentrations, the mean and standard deviation of PM 10 mass, and of the elements analyzed in the water-soluble and insoluble fraction of PM 10 collected at PR are reported in Table 1.…”

Section: Analytical Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Method for the Assessment of the Oxidative Potential of Both Water-Soluble and Insoluble PM

et al. 2022

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Water-soluble and insoluble fractions of airborne particulate matter (PM) exhibit different toxicological potentials and peculiar mechanisms of action in biological systems. However, most of the research on the oxidative potential (OP) of PM is focused exclusively on its water-soluble fraction, since experimental criticisms were encountered for detaching the whole PM (soluble and insoluble species) from field filters. However, to estimate the actual potential effects of PM on human health, it is essential to assess the OP of both its water-soluble and insoluble fractions. In this study, to estimate the total OP (TOP), an efficient method for the detachment of intact PM10 from field filters by using an electrical toothbrush was applied to 20 PM10 filters in order to obtain PM10 water suspensions to be used for the DCFH, AA and DTT oxidative potential assays (OPDCFH, OPAA and OPDTT). The contribution of the insoluble PM10 to the TOP was evaluated by comparing the TOP values to those obtained by applying the three OP assays to the water-soluble fraction of 20 equivalent PM10 filters. The OP of the insoluble fraction (IOP) was calculated as the difference between the TOP and the WSOP. Moreover, each PM10 sample was analyzed for the water-soluble and insoluble fractions of 10 elements (Al, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, Li, Ni, Rb, Sb, Sn) identified as primary elemental tracers of the main emission sources in the study area. A principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on the data obtained to identify the predominant sources for the determination of TOP, WSOP, and IOP. Results showed that water-soluble PM10 released by traffic, steel plant, and biomass burning is mainly responsible for the generation of the TOP as well as of the WSOP. This evidence gave strength to the reliability of the results from OP assays performed only on the water-soluble fraction of PM. Lastly, the IOPDCFH and IOPDTT were found to be principally determined by insoluble PM10 from mineral dust.

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“…Moreover, recent studies show that photochemical aging increases the oxidative potential of atmospheric aerosols. However, several aspects regarding the specific chemical species, aerosol sources, and atmospheric processes that affect OP are not well established, and further research is needed [13][14][15]. Another topic that needs extensive research is the characterization of the OP of indoor aerosols.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Potential of Atmospheric Aerosols

et al. 2021

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Spatial mapping and size distribution of oxidative potential of particulate matter released by spatially disaggregated sources

Cited by 32 publications

References 73 publications

Phosphate Buffer Solubility and Oxidative Potential of Single Metals or Multielement Particles of Welding Fumes

Phosphate Buffer Solubility and Oxidative Potential of Single Metals or Multielement Particles of Welding Fumes

A New Method for the Assessment of the Oxidative Potential of Both Water-Soluble and Insoluble PM

Oxidative Potential of Atmospheric Aerosols

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