Spatial Modeling of Transport Development of Forest Area and Their Potential Environmental Risks

Abstract

Permanent attributes of timber harvesting are a number of potential environmental risks, each of which can cause significant damage to the environment. The intensive development of technology and the improvement of industrial production processes have led to a significant increase in technogenic impact both on increasing catastrophic natural disasters and on the global climate change formation. The adoption of the World Environmental Constitution by all the states would be an effective means of regulating and minimizing these negative processes. Timber harvesting is one of the most dangerous types of technogenic impact on the forest environment, as the forest stand, young growth, natural watercourses and soil are damaged during logging and transportation. However, the degree of the negative impact of timber harvesting can be reduced to an ecologically acceptable level, and technical indicators of the use of timber-hauling machinery can be brought to economically feasible values by properly assessing the intensity of the environmental risk of taking a decision on certain technical and technological issues and the implementation of environmental management of this process. The article presents some approaches to the creation of GIS spatial planning model of transport development of forest-exploitation area based on the cost estimation of timber skidding considering technogenic impact of forest machines. The development of the model of forest transportation planning is a complex task. In order to solve this task, the system under investigation should be divided into separate interconnected modules, each acting as its own model: the models for forest transportation planning, the database, formulation of the task, the results of modeling, an analysis of transport movement possibilities, an analysis of environmental damage, the assessment and improvement of the existing forest road network. Concerning the proposed model and methodology that is based on the analysis of potential environmental risks associated with the rutting and cost-assessment of timber skidding, we have obtained the model map of environmentally-acceptable types of timber-hauling machines for a real forest exploitation area, the Rozhanka forest district, the Slavsk State Forestry Enterprise in particular. The proposed model makes it possible to substantiate environmentally safe and economically feasible ways of skidding, estimate the ratio of transport development of a forest area using various terrestrial technical means (wheeled and crawler tractors or cable systems), as well as to outline the possible occurrence, intensity and spread of environmental hazards associated with timber harvesting.

Науково-Методичні Підходи До Обґрунтування Енергоощадних Та Екологобезпечних Параметрів Лісових Машин

“…У такому контексті систематизовано вплив лісотранспорту на стан природного середовища Українських Карпат (Byblyuk, 2004c) та вплив господарської діяльності людини на формування передумов негативних стихійних явищ в Карпатах (Byblyuk, Kovalchuk & Machuga, 2008). Окремим аспектам впливу лісозаготівельних машин на природне та робоче середовище присвячені дослідження віброта шумонавантаження харвестерів і форвадерів (Louis, Philip, Owende & shane, 2004) та лісовозів (Byblyuk, shevchenko & Freudun, 2013), пошкодження заготовленої стовбурової деревини (Honsa, 2007), пошкодження підросту (sowa & szewczyk, 2000), встановлення потенційних ризиків лісозаготівлі (Adamovsky, styranivsky & Borys, 2017), визначення опорних реакцій, що призводять до колієутворення (Walczyk, 2007), взаємодії машин, їхніх робочих органів із робочим середовищем (Machuga, 2019) тощо.…”