Spatial modelling of industrial heat loads and recovery potentials in the UK

McKenna, Russell; Norman, Jonathan B.

doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2010.05.042

Cited by 116 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The digest of UK energy statistics (DUKES) estimates that 3.6 Mt of coke was produced in the UK in 2009 (DECC 2010). McKenna and Norman (2010) estimate the total coke capacity of the UK integrated steel works at 4.31 Mt/y. Coke production at ISD DUNAFERR Danube Ironworks, in Hungary, has exceeded one million tons on 15 December 2011, and it has become 1,049,121 tonnes by the end of the year (ISD DUNAFERR 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life cycle inventory processes of the integrated steel plant (ISP) in Krakow, Poland—coke production, a case study

Bieda

Grzesik

Sala

et al. 2015

Int J Life Cycle Assess

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Purpose The goal of this paper is to describe the life cycle inventory (LCI) approach to the cokemaking process in the Integrated Steel Plant's Coke Oven Battery (ISPCOB) in Kraków, Poland. The system boundaries were labeled as gate-to-gate, covering the full chain process of coke production. The background input and output data from the coke production process (CPP) has been inventoried. Methods The functional unit (FU) was produced of 1 Mg of the coke in ISPCOB. The following inputs and outputs have been taken into account in the LCI study: product (coke), all intermediate products, by-products, and emissions. Raw fuel mining and means of external transportation of natural gas, manufacture of downstream products, their use, end of life, and infrastructure were not included. Time coverage is 2004, because since 2005, robust inventory data coverage of full ISP coke processes are lacking. Data used for inventory calculation are affected by uncertainty.Results and discussion With regard to 1 Mg of coke produced in ISPCOB in 2004, the consumption of coke coal and coke oven gas amounted to 1.35 Mg and 195 m 3 , respectively. The main materials, fuels, and energy used for the coke production were electric energy, steam, air, heat, and industrial water. Emissions of SO 2 , NO 2 , CO, CO 2 , NH 3 , aliphatic hydrocarbons, HCN, H 2 S,

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life cycle inventory processes of the integrated steel plant (ISP) in Krakow, Poland—coke production, a case study

Bieda

Grzesik

Sala

et al. 2015

Int J Life Cycle Assess

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“…While the percentage reduction in fossil fuel use or global warming potential achieved is small, the scale of the industry in the UK is large, magnifying its potential impact. McKenna and Norman [4] estimate an annual coke capacity of 4.31 Mt for the UK and applying the savings above to this total capacity would result in annual carbon savings of 43,100 tonnes of CO2. In order to place this value in context, the current target is to reduce UK emissions by 34% of 1990 estimates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is estimated that 1 tonne of coke requires 2.95 GJ to produce it. It is estimated that 2% of the energy demand is satisfied by electricity, 5% is satisfied by steam and 93% by a gas source [4]. This latter may include natural gas, blast furnace gas or coke oven gas (COG) itself.…”

Section: Direct Carbon Savingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, an ORC system must function below the temperature and pressure at which the fluids are chemically unstable [3]. McKenna and Norman [4] have identified the iron and steel sector as the largest user of heat with a heat load of approximately 213 PJ but also demonstrate significant potential for heat recovery. While a number of streams containing LGH have been identified within the steel plant but flue gas from coke oven was chosen as being most suitable for recovery.…”

Section: Figure 1 About Herementioning

confidence: 99%

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A comparison of two low grade heat recovery options

Walsh

Thornley

2013

Applied Thermal Engineering

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Low grade heat (LGH) recovery is one way of increasing industrial energy efficiency and reducing associated greenhouse gas emissions. The organic rankine cycle (ORC) and condensing boilers are two options that can be used to recover low grade heat (<250 °C). This paper assesses the lifecycle greenhouse gas reduction impacts and discounted payback periods associated with both technologies. Generation of electricity through the operation of the ORC saves approximately 11 kt of CO2 annually, but the high carbon intensity of the coking process means this has a negligible influence (<1 %) on the overall process lifecycle impacts. However, if the electricity generated offsets the external purchasing of electricity this results in favourable economic payback periods of between 3 and 6 years. The operation of a condensing boiler within a woodchip boiler reduces the fuel required to achieve an increased thermal output. The thermal efficiency gains reduce the lifecycle impacts by between 11 and 21%., and reflect payback periods as low as 1.5 to 2 years, depending on the condenser type and wood supply chain. The two case studies are used to highlight the difficulty in identifying LGH recovery solutions that satisfy multiple environmental, economic and wider objectives.

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“…The potential for Canada is consistent with the value given by Zhang [21] (10.9 GW), however, the two values for the US (750 MW compared to 35 GW) differ significantly. The U.S. Department of Energy [22] determined a potential of 3.02 GW for temperatures lower than 230 • C, 2.34 GW for 230 • C to 650 • C and 0.72 GW for temperatures higher than 650 • C. For the UK, four different values (171 MW, 309 MW, 338 MW and 685 MW) are given [23]. Lastly, Campana et al [24] calculated a potential of 2.7 GW for EU27.…”

Section: Industrial Waste Heatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermoeconomic Evaluation of Modular Organic Rankine Cycles for Waste Heat Recovery over a Broad Range of Heat Source Temperatures and Capacities

Preißinger

Brüggemann

2017

Energies

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Industrial waste heat recovery by means of an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) can contribute to the reduction of CO 2 emissions from industries. Before market penetration, high efficiency modular concepts have to be developed to achieve appropriate economic value for industrial decision makers. This paper aims to investigate modularly designed ORC systems from a thermoeconomic point of view. The main goal is a recommendation for a suitable chemical class of working fluids, preferable ORC design and a range of heat source temperatures and thermal capacities in which modular ORCs can be economically feasible. For this purpose, a thermoeconomic model has been developed which is based on size and complexity parameters of the ORC components. Special emphasis has been laid on the turbine model. The paper reveals that alkylbenzenes lead to higher exergetic efficiencies compared to alkanes and siloxanes. However, based on the thermoeconomic model, the payback periods of the chemical classes are almost identical. With the ORC design, the developed model and the boundary conditions of this study, hexamethyldisiloxane is a suitable working fluid and leads to a payback period of less than 5 years for a heat source temperature of 400 to 600 • C and a mass flow rate of the gaseous waste heat stream of more than 4 kg/s.

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Spatial modelling of industrial heat loads and recovery potentials in the UK

Cited by 116 publications

References 8 publications

Life cycle inventory processes of the integrated steel plant (ISP) in Krakow, Poland—coke production, a case study

Life cycle inventory processes of the integrated steel plant (ISP) in Krakow, Poland—coke production, a case study

A comparison of two low grade heat recovery options

Thermoeconomic Evaluation of Modular Organic Rankine Cycles for Waste Heat Recovery over a Broad Range of Heat Source Temperatures and Capacities

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