Spatial patterns of social organization in the Early Bronze Age of South Scandinavia

Johansen, Kasper Lambert; Laursen, Steffen Terp; Holst, Mads Kähler

doi:10.1016/j.jaa.2003.10.002

Cited by 40 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…This has, though, recently been questioned (Johansen et al, 2003), whereas the Late Neolithic society is somehow placed in a grey zone between Stone and Bronze Age as regards social organisation (see Vandkilde, 1996, p. 259). Regarding the Late Neolithic society two diVerent views of social structure are put forward by Ebbesen and Apel.…”

Section: The Late Neolithic Societymentioning

confidence: 99%

Male symbols or warrior identities? The ‘archery burials’ of the Danish Bell Beaker Culture

Sarauw

2007

Journal of Anthropological Archaeology

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Section: The Late Neolithic Societymentioning

confidence: 99%

Male symbols or warrior identities? The ‘archery burials’ of the Danish Bell Beaker Culture

Sarauw

2007

Journal of Anthropological Archaeology

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“…The halberds were mostly discovered as single depositions. Weaponry appears more frequently in graves in Period I of the Early Bronze Age (Lomborg 1965, Vandkilde 1996, Johansen et al 2004. However, this phenomenon is more closely associated to Jutland.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weapons, fighters and combat: spears and swords in Early Bronze Age Scandinavia

Horn¹

2013

Danish Journal of Archaeology

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This article deals with the use-wear analysis of 204 weapons of Period I of the Early Nordic Bronze Age. The analysed sample contained 154 spearheads and 50 swords and was made up of approximately one-third of the contemporaneous weapons in Southern Scandinavia. The use-wear analysis was undertaken with a source critical view on corrosion and other taphonomic processes. The information obtained was used to see how use-wear and taphonomic processes influence each other. Use-wear analysis was employed to evaluate statements regarding the functionality, or rather non-functionality, of Early Bronze Age weaponry. According to the results, spears and swords were not only functional but also very frequently used. Further deductions can be made from the material. Despite a difference in the scale of fighting, spears and swords show essentially the same kind of combat wear. It is argued that this relates to essentially similar styles of fighting that employ both cutting and stabbing movements and are perhaps most appropriately termed 'fencing'. This style of fighting possibly emerged from frequent encounters of sword and spear fighters in the closely interconnected world of Southern Scandinavia during Period I of the Early Bronze Age. In these engagements, a partial homogenising effect of warfare and fighting becomes visible. Yet, it is not the only effect that accompanies combat and war. Diversification and homogenisation are not mutually exclusive or contradictive. Accordingly, they took place simultaneously and helped develop fighting styles and weapon technologies.

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“…Recent studies have employed least-cost pathway modelling, extensive historical cartographic material and large series of military aerial photographs from the mid-20th century in order to test the relationship between the thousands of round barrows known in the Jutland Peninsula and contemporary routes of communication. And these studies have been able to confirm a close spatial relation between lines of round barrows and pre-modern routes of communication (Egeberg 2004;Johansen et al 2004;Laursen/Johansen 2005). The barrow lines are discernible on several geographical levels.…”

Section: Stone Heap Graves and Barrow Linesmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Bakker 1976;1991;Hinz 1950;1953;Willroth 1986). However, it is only very recently that the significance of Müller's observations has started to become re-acknowledged more broadly, as his explanation for the barrow lines has been reintroduced into the understanding of the societies that constructed the round barrows in this region (Holst et al 2001;Jansen 2006;Johansen et al 2004;Nord 2006;Rudebeck 2001;. The neglect that befell Müller's thesis on the barrow lines has had significant impact on the general understanding of the stone heap graves.…”

Section: Stone Heap Graves and Barrow Linesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Routes and Wheeled Transport in Late 4th–Early 3rd Millennium Funerary Customs of the Jutland Peninsula: Regional Evidence and European Context

Johannsen¹,

Laursen²

2010

Praehistorische Zeitschrift

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Halbinsel Jütland; Europa; spätes 4. und 3. Jahrtausend v. Chr.; Grabsitten; Transport auf Rädern; Kommunikationsrouten; Ideologie. Péninsule du Jutland; Europe; fin 4 e -début 3 e millénaire av. J.-C.; rites funéraires; transport sur roues; voies de communication; idéologie. Jutland Peninsula; Europe; Late 4th-Early 3rd Millennium BC; Funerary Customs; Wheeled Transport; Routes of Communication; Ideology. Zahlreiche Indizien belegen die kulturgeschichtliche Bedeutung von Wagen und Zugtieren in weiten Teilen des westlichen Eurasien in einem Zeitraum, der das späte 4. und 3. Jahrtausend vor Christus umfasst. Während beider Kombination im Alltagsleben gut belegt ist, wird nun erst ersichtlich, dass diese technologische Konstellation auch einen erheblichen konzeptionellen Einfluss auf die fraglichen Gemeinschaften ausübte. Einige der Beweise für diese Annahmen basieren auf Bestattungen in Mitteleuropa und der Pontischen Steppe, bei denen die beschriebene Kombination sich als ein herausragendes Vergesellschaftungsmerkmal darstellt. Der vorliegende Beitrag führt eine Gruppe jütländischer Funde in die Diskussion zur Rolle der benannten Elemente in den Bestattungssitten des späten 4. und 3. Jahrtausends ein. Dabei handelt es sich um die sog. "Steinhaufen-Gräber". Diese Bestattungen aus dem nordwestlichen Teil der Halbinsel werden der Periode zwischen 3100 und 2800 v. Chr. zugewiesen. Mit ihrer Hilfe können geistesgeschichtliche und ideologische Tendenzen bezüglich des Transports auf Rädern nachgewiesen werden, die sich vergleichbar auch in den mitteleuropäischen und pontischen Funden spiegeln. Darüber hinaus bespricht der Beitrag die räumliche Situation der Gräber auf vielfältige Weise und hebt sowohl auf lokale als auch regionale Tendenzen ab. Thematisiert wird insbesondere die Ausrichtung der Gräber entlang vermutlicher Kommunikationsrouten, der so genannten "routes of communication". De nombreux éléments témoignent de l'importance idéologique des véhicules à roues et des animaux de trait dans une grande partie de l'Eurasie occidentale vers la fin du 4 e et au 3 e millénaire av. J.-C. L'intégration de cet ensemble technologique dans les activités quotidiennes étant bien identifiée dans certaines régions, il est évident que cette nouvelle pratique a exercé une plus grande influence conceptuelle dans les communautés en question. En témoignent particulièrement des contextes funé-raires de l'Europe centrale et de la steppe pontique où l'usage de véhicules à roues et d'animaux de trait représente un thème important. Cet article introduit un groupe de trouvailles de la péninsule du Jutland (Scandinavie méridionale) dans le débat sur le rôle de ces éléments dans les rites funéraires de la fin du 4 e et du 3 e millénaire. Les dites "tombes à cairn" appartenant à la période de 3100-2800 av. J.-C., et découvertes dans la partie nord-ouest de la péninsule, sont supposées refléter les grandes tendances idéologiques relatives au transport sur roues qui se manifestent à travers les données de l'Europe centrale et de la steppe ponti...

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Spatial patterns of social organization in the Early Bronze Age of South Scandinavia

Cited by 40 publications

References 24 publications

Male symbols or warrior identities? The ‘archery burials’ of the Danish Bell Beaker Culture

Male symbols or warrior identities? The ‘archery burials’ of the Danish Bell Beaker Culture

Weapons, fighters and combat: spears and swords in Early Bronze Age Scandinavia

Routes and Wheeled Transport in Late 4th–Early 3rd Millennium Funerary Customs of the Jutland Peninsula: Regional Evidence and European Context

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