Spatial regulation of protein A in Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract

Surface proteins of Staphylococcus aureus play vital roles in bacterial physiology and pathogenesis. Recent work suggests that surface proteins are spatially regulated by a YSIRK/GXXS signal peptide that promotes cross-wall targeting at the mid-cell, though the mechanisms remain unclear. We previously showed that protein A (SpA), a YSIRK/GXXS protein and key staphylococcal virulence factor, mis-localizes in a ltaS mutant deficient in lipoteichoic acid (LTA) production. Here, we identified that SpA contains another cross-wall targeting signal, the LysM domain, which, in addition to Strains or plasmids Description Reference or source E. coli DC10B Cloning strain Monk et al. (2012) S. aureus SEJ1 RN4220∆spa, WY112 Gründling and Schneewind (2007a) SEJ1iltaS RN4220∆spa P spac -ltaS, Ery R , IPTG inducible, WY443 Gründling and Schneewind (2007b) ANG1786 SEJ1∆ltaS suppressor 4S5, WY449 Corrigan et al. (2011) WY109 RN4220 sbi::φΝΣ, Ery R Yu et al. (2018) WY110 RN4220∆spa∆sbi::φΝΣ, Ery R Yu et al. (2018) WY478 SEJ1 pCLitet-spa, Chl R , ATc-inducible This study WY745 SEJ1 pCLitet-spa ΔlysM , Chl R , ATc-inducible This study WY480 SEJ1 pCLitet, Chl R , ATc-inducible This study WY1026 WY110 pCLitet-spa, Chl R , ATc-inducible This study WY946 WY110 pCLitet-spa ΔlysM , Chl R , ATc-inducible This study WY1024 WY110 pCLitet, Chl R , ATc-inducible This study WY747 SEJ1iltaS pCLitet-spa, Chl R , Ery R , ATc and IPTG inducible This study WY748 SEJ1iltaS pCLitet-spa ΔlysM , Chl R , Ery R , ATc and IPTG inducible This study WY794 SEJ1iltaS pCLitet, Chl R , Ery R , ATc and IPTG inducible This study WY477 ANG1786 pCLitet-spa, Chl R , ATc-inducible This study WY777 ANG1786 pCLitet-spa ΔlysM , Chl R , ATc-inducible This study WY479 ANG1786 pCLitet, Chl R , ATc-inducible This study WY541 ANG1786 pCLitet-spa, pJK4, Chl R , Kan R , ATc and IPTG inducible This study WY543 ANG1786 pCLitet-spa, pJK4-ltaS, Chl R , Kan R , ATc and IPTG inducible This study WY545 ANG1786 pCLitet-spa, pJK4-ltaS T300A , Chl R , Kan R , ATc and IPTG inducible This study

GpsB Coordinates Cell Division and Cell Surface Decoration by Wall Teichoic Acids in Staphylococcus aureus

“…Perhaps autolysins interact with WTAs to allow for efficient separation of conjoined daughter cells in one, or a combination, of the following three ways: autolysins are actively recruited to the division sites with the aid of immature WTAs ( 51 ), secretion of autolysins preferentially happen with WTA export at sites of division ( 28 ), and/or septum-localized proteins such as FmtA selectively remove d -alanylation at the division site ( 54 ). Additionally, other proteins that are translocated specifically at division sites, such as those with YSIRK signal, may rely on teichoic acids as well ( 55 ).…”

Staphylococcus aureus adhesion to the host

“…There are two types of biosynthetically distinct TAs: plasma membrane‐linked LTAs and cell wall‐linked WTAs 88 . These two TAs differ in their synthesis pathways, both of which occur within the division septum, 89,94 as well as their composition, association with the cell surface, and cellular functions 88 …”

“…In mutants lacking LTAs, cell wall abnormalities include increased cell size and lysis, as well as atypical septal positioning 91 . LTAs are also proposed to play a role in the spatial regulation of the immunoglobulin‐binding CWA protein SpA 1,89,92 …”

“…LTAs and cell wall-linked WTAs. 88 These two TAs differ in their synthesis pathways, both of which occur within the division septum, 89,94 as well as their composition, association with the cell surface, and cellular functions. 88 LTAs are polymers of glycerolphosphate (GroP) synthesized by three main LTA synthesis enzymes: YpfP, LtaA, and LtaS, 90 which produce the glycolipid anchor and the LTA polyglycerolphosphate chain attached to the cytoplasmic membrane, 88 LTAs are essential for the growth, physiology, and division of S. aureus.…”

“…91 LTAs are also proposed to play a role in the spatial regulation of the immunoglobulin-binding CWA protein SpA. 1,89,92 Most S. aureus lineages produce WTAs comprising up to 40 subunits of ribitol-phosphate (RboP) attached to the peptidoglycan. 93 WTA synthesis begins intracellularly on a lipid carrier anchoring the nascent polymer to the cytoplasmic membrane.…”