Spatial-Temporal Trend Analysis of Rainfall Erosivity and Erosivity Density of Tropical Area in Air Bengkulu Watershed, Indonesia

Abstract

There have been many studies on rainfall erosivity and erosivity density (ED). However, it was not widely developed in Indonesia as a tropical country and has unique precipitation patterns. They are indicators for assessing the potential risk of soil erosion. The Air Bengkulu Watershed is undergoing severe land degradation due to soil erosion. This study aimed to analyze spatial-temporal in rainfall erosivity and ED based on monthly rainfall data (mm). The data used consisted of 19 weather stations during the period 2006–2020 and which are sparsely distributed over the watershed. The analysis was done by using Arnold's equation. Then, the trend was tested using parametric and non-parametric statistics, and analysed with linear regression equation, and Spearman's Rho and Mann Kendall's tests. The spatial distribution of both algorithms was analysed using the inverse distance weighted (IDW) method based on the geographic information system (GIS). Unlike previous research findings, The long-term average monthly rainfall erosivity and ED revealed a general increase and decreasing trend, whereas it was found to be non-significant when both indices were observed. However, these results indicate a range from 840.94 MJ · mm−1 · ha−1 · h−1 · a−1, 552.42 MJ · mm−1 · ha−1 · h−1 · a−1 to 472.09 MJ · mm−1 · ha−1 · h−1 · a−1 in that November month followed by December and April are the most susceptible months for soil erosion. Therefore, The upstream area of the region shows that various anthropogenic activities must be managed properly by taking into account the rainfall erosivity on the environment and that more stringent measures should be followed in soil and water conservation activities.

Regression Analysis for Crop Production Using CLARANS Algorithm

“…Rejang Lebong Regency is located at position 102° 19'39; East Longitude to 102° 57'39; Longitude East and 2° 22'39; 07''; South Latitude to 3° 31'39''; South Latitude is bordered by South Sumatra Province in the North and East, with Kepahiang Regency in the South, with Lebong Regency in the North, and with North Bengkulu Regency in the West. The area of Rejang Lebong Regency is around 151,576 ha which is located at an altitude of less than 100 meters to more than 1000 meters [37], [38]. Areas that have elevations of less than 100 meters above sea level are 2,250 hectares (1.48%), which have altitudes between 100 -1000 meters above sea level, covering an area of 112,669 hectares (74.33%).…”

Spatial Prediction of Soil Erodibility Indices of the Sensitive Landscape of Bengkulu Watershed, Indonesia

“…The human activities related to exploited environment source on the watershed caused triggering to alleviate watersheds services for human living not only in the upstream but also in downstream, Bengkulu City. The Air Bengkulu Watershed is undergoing severe land degradation due to soil erosion [1]. Soil erosion is the major cause of soil degradation in the watershed, especially in the upstream of the Bengkulu watershed.…”