Spatial variability and temporal trends in water‐use efficiency of European forests

Saurer, Matthias; Spahni, Renato; Frank, David; Joos, Fortunat; Leuenberger, Markus; Loader, Neil J.; McCarroll, Danny; Gagen, Mary; Poulter, Benjamin; Siegwolf, Rolf; Andreu‐Hayles, Laia; Boettger, T.; Dorado‐Liñán, Isabel; Fairchild, Ian J.; Friedrich, Michael; Gutiérrez, Emília; Haupt, Marika; Hilasvuori, Emmi; Heinrich, Ingo; Helle, Gerhard; Grudd, Håkan; Jalkanen, Risto; Levanič, Tom; Linderholm, Hans W.; Robertson, Iain; Sonninen, Eloni; Treydte, Kerstin; Waterhouse, J.; Woodley, Ewan J.; Wynn, P.; Young, Giles H.F.

doi:10.1111/gcb.12717

Cited by 194 publications

(211 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…The LPX-Bern 1.3 model Stocker et al, 2013;Saurer et al, 2014;Ruosch et al, 2016;Keel et al, 2016) is based on the Lund-PotsdamJena (LPJ) dynamic global vegetation model (Sitch et al, 2003; see also Joos et al, 2001;Gerber et al, 2004;Strassmann et al, 2008). LPX combines process-based, large-scale representations of terrestrial vegetation dynamics, the dynamics of terrestrial carbon and nitrogen stocks and fluxes, and land-atmosphere exchanges of water, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and carbon and water isotopes in a modular framework.…”

Section: Lpx-bern 13mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rising atmospheric CO 2 concentrations can have a fertilizing effect on plants, which in turn potentially increases iWUE (Keenan et al, 2013;Saurer et al, 2014) -at least as long as plant growth is not limited by other factors such as nitrogen or phosphorus supply (Reich et al, 2014;Yang et al, 2016) or water stress (Walker et al, 2015).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…There is a rich body of literature on changes in 13 C isotopic discrimination and iWUE and on observational evidence from δ 13 C tree-ring records McCarroll and Loader, 2004;Fichtler et al, 2010;Leonardi et al, 2012;Churakova , Sidorova, S;Lévesque et al, 2014;Liu et al, 2014b;Saurer et al, 2014;Hartl-Meier et al, 2015;Voelker et al, 2016), free-air CO 2 enrichment (FACE)-type experiments (Battipaglia et al, 2013;Klein et al, 2016), δ 13 C site measurements (Pataki et al, 2003;Bowling et al, 2014), and δ 13 C paleodata (Voelker et al, 2016). These data generally suggest small to moderate decadal-to-century-scale changes in discrimination that correspond to a 20th century increase in iWUE On the order of 20 % and physiological control towards a constant ratio of the partial pressure of CO 2 within the leaf's substomatal cavities to the CO 2 pressure outside the leaf (c i /c a ; Saurer et al, 2004;Leonardi et al, 2012;Frank et al, 2015) and, more generally, a pattern of stomatal optimization towards minimizing water loss per unit carbon assimilated (Voelker et al, 2016).…”

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confidence: 99%

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20th century changes in carbon isotopes and water-use efficiency: tree-ring-based evaluation of the CLM4.5 and LPX-Bern models

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Measurements of the stable carbon isotope ratio (δ 13 C) on annual tree rings offer new opportunities to evaluate mechanisms of variations in photosynthesis and stomatal conductance under changing CO 2 and climate conditions, especially in conjunction with process-based biogeochemical model simulations. The isotopic discrimination is indicative of the ratio between the CO 2 partial pressure in the intercellular cavities and the atmosphere (c i /c a ) and of the ratio of assimilation to stomatal conductance, termed intrinsic wateruse efficiency (iWUE). We performed isotope-enabled simulations over the industrial period with the land biosphere module (CLM4.5) of the Community Earth System Model and the Land Surface Processes and Exchanges (LPX-Bern) dynamic global vegetation model. Results for C3 tree species show good agreement with a global compilation of δ 13 C measurements on leaves, though modeled 13 C discrimination by C3 trees is smaller in arid regions than measured. A compilation of 76 tree-ring records, mainly from Europe, boreal Asia, and western North America, suggests on average small 20th century changes in isotopic discrimination and in c i /c a and an increase in iWUE of about 27 % since 1900. LPXBern results match these century-scale reconstructions, supporting the idea that the physiology of stomata has evolved to optimize trade-offs between carbon gain by assimilation and water loss by transpiration. In contrast, CLM4.5 simulates an increase in discrimination and in turn a change in iWUE that is almost twice as large as that revealed by the tree-ring data. Factorial simulations show that these changes are mainly in response to rising atmospheric CO 2 . The results suggest that the downregulation of c i /c a and of photosynthesis by nitrogen limitation is possibly too strong in the standard setup of CLM4.5 or that there may be problems associated with the implementation of conductance, assimilation, and related adjustment processes on long-term environmental changes.

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Section: Lpx-bern 13mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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20th century changes in carbon isotopes and water-use efficiency: tree-ring-based evaluation of the CLM4.5 and LPX-Bern models

et al. 2017

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“…In pine, CO 2 usually limits photosynthesis and, thus, an increase in CO 2 results in greater photosynthetic rates. Raw δ 13 C data can be corrected to a preindustrial atmospheric δ 13 C cor base value of 6.4‰ using the data from McCarroll and Loader (2004), due to decreasing δ 13 C in the air and the biosphere is associated with the increasing of anthropogenic CO 2 in the atmosphere (Craig, 1954;Farquhar and Lloyd, 1993;Field et al, 1995;McCarroll and Loader, 2004;Pazdur et al, 2007Pazdur et al, , 2013Keeling et al, 2010;Pazdur 2013a, 2013b;Battipaglia et al, 2014;Saurer et al, 2014). The analysis of the influence of pollution on stable isotopes composition will be a theme of the future study.…”

Section: Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There has been much discussion about the biological effects of pollutant pressure on trees, which concerned yearly variation of stable isotope concentration in tree rings and needles (Craig, 1954;Farquhar and Lloyd, 1993;Field et al, 1995;McCarroll and Loader, 2004;Pazdur et al, 2007Pazdur et al, , 2013Keeling et al, 2010;Parn and Madre, 2011;Pazdur 2013a, 2013b;Battipaglia et al, 2014;Saurer et al, 2014;Sensuła, 2016aSensuła, , 2016b. The isotopic records in tree-rings are sensitive bio-indicators of the way that the components of air and water have been changed by the trees in response to the environments in which they are grown (Craig, 1954;Farquhar and Lloyd, 1993;McCarroll and Loader, 2004;Sensuła, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climatic signals in tree-ring width and stable isotopes composition of <i>Pinus sylvestris</i> L. Growing in the industrialized area nearby Kędzierzyn-Koźle

Sensuła

Wilczynski

2017

Geochronometria

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Abstract:The main aims of these studies were dendrochronological and mass spectrometric analysis of the impact of climate on tree rings width and stable isotopes composition in pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). The conifers were growing in the vicinity of chemical and nitrogen factories in Kędzierzyn-Koźle (Poland) in the period of time from 1920s to 2012 AD. The combined usage of tree ring width and isotopic composition data provides historic records of the environment changes. These data allows identifying the behavior adaptation of pine growing under pollution stress to climate changes. The incremental rhythm of the studied pine populations was not identical, probably due to their different sensitivities to some climatic factors. This study evidences that the isotopic records in tree-rings α-cellulose may be sensitive bio-indicators of the way that the components of air and water may be changed by the trees in response to the climate changes and anthropogenic effects. The water use efficiency may be strongly correlated with variability of the surface temperature that may be due to increase of CO 2 emission.

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Spatial and temporal variations in ecosystem response to monsoon precipitation variability in southwestern North America

et al. 2014

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Due to its marked vegetation phenology and precipitation gradients, the North American Monsoon Region (NAMR) is a useful domain for studying ecosystem responses to climate variability and change. To this end, we analyze long-term dynamics in monsoon precipitation (Pr), time-integrated Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (TINDVI) used as proxy of net primary productivity, and rain-use efficiency (RUE). The analysis focuses on six ecoregions, spanning from desert environments to tropical dry forests, to investigate (1) how net primary productivity and rain-use efficiency vary along a precipitation gradient, (2) if interannual variability in net primary productivity is linked to the interannual variability in precipitation, and (3) if there is evidence of a long-term signal imposed on the interannual variability in rain-use efficiency. Variations in TINDVI and RUE with Pr along the NAMR precipitation gradient differ among ecoregions exhibiting intensive or extensive water use strategies. We explain the nonlinear behaviors along the precipitation gradient as resulting from different physiological responses to climatological means and the impact of topographic effects. Statistical analysis indicates that the interannual variability in vegetation response is significantly related to the interannual variability in Pr, but their correlation declines with time. A long-term positive signal in RUE imposed on its interannual variability is identified and results from a constant TINDVI under negative long-term trends of Pr. This important finding suggests the combined long-term effects of ecosystem acclimation to reduced water availability and increasing CO 2 concentration across the varied ecosystems of the North American Monsoon Region.

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Spatial variability and temporal trends in water‐use efficiency of European forests

Cited by 194 publications

References 87 publications

20th century changes in carbon isotopes and water-use efficiency: tree-ring-based evaluation of the CLM4.5 and LPX-Bern models

20th century changes in carbon isotopes and water-use efficiency: tree-ring-based evaluation of the CLM4.5 and LPX-Bern models

Climatic signals in tree-ring width and stable isotopes composition of <i>Pinus sylvestris</i> L. Growing in the industrialized area nearby Kędzierzyn-Koźle

Spatial and temporal variations in ecosystem response to monsoon precipitation variability in southwestern North America

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