2005
DOI: 10.2166/wst.2005.0061
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Spatial variability of characteristics and origins of urban wet weather pollution in combined sewers

Abstract: An experimental on-site observatory of urban pollutant loads in combined sewers was created in the centre of Paris to quantify and characterise the dry and wet weather flow in relation to spatial scale. Eight rainfall events were studied from April 2003 to May 2004. Samples were analysed for suspended solids, organic matter, nitrogen and heavy metals. Results confirm the extent of wet weather pollution. They have shown the relative homogeneity of SS and organic matter characteristics from one urban catchment a… Show more

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Cited by 15 publications
(7 citation statements)
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“…Kafi-Benyahia (2006) indeed recorded an increase in the contribution from wastewaters into wet weather TSS flows with respect to the basin spatial scale. Figure 4 indicates the decreasing trend of V30 settling velocity as the proportion of TSS stemming from wastewaters present in the combined network effluent increases.…”
Section: Variability Of Settling Velocities As a Function Of The Spatmentioning
confidence: 83%
“…Kafi-Benyahia (2006) indeed recorded an increase in the contribution from wastewaters into wet weather TSS flows with respect to the basin spatial scale. Figure 4 indicates the decreasing trend of V30 settling velocity as the proportion of TSS stemming from wastewaters present in the combined network effluent increases.…”
Section: Variability Of Settling Velocities As a Function Of The Spatmentioning
confidence: 83%
“…Further contamination results from the erosion of deposits inside of pipes. This process, as well as mixing with domestic wastewater, is crucial for the additional contamination of rainwater runoff in combined sewers (Gromaire et al 2001;Kafi-Benyahia et al 2005;Schriewer et al 2008). The urban storm water runoff impacts from several sources differ due to the varying discharge generation and affiliated area's structure.…”
Section: State Of the Artmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In order to build up these budgets we have combined three types of data sources resulting from the PIREN-Seine studies, various types of censuses, and regular environmental surveys: (i) metal flux measurements were realized at atmospheric fallout stations (Azimi et al, 2003(Azimi et al, , 2005Azimi, 2004;Garnaud et al, 1999), at various river stations on dissolved metals (Elbaz-Poulichet et al, 2006), and particulate metals (Cossa et al, 1994;Horowitz et al, 1999;Meybeck et al, 2004;Grosbois et al, 2006), on Paris sewage waters (Tusseau-Vuillemin et al, 2007-this volume) and sludge (Meybeck et al, 2007-this volume), river dredged material (Carpentier et al, 2002a,b); (ii) experimental field studies on several plots located at the Versailles agronomic station , and on the Marais urban catchment (0.42 km 2 ) located in the historical centre of Paris city Chebbo and Gromaire, 2004): in this catchment multiple studies concerning roof runoff, street runoff and domestic sewage composition were realised (Gromaire et al, 2000(Gromaire et al, , 2002Kafi-Benyahia et al, 2005;Moilleron et al, 2005); (iii) material flows and census statistics: many of them are only available at the national level and have been downscaled for the Seine River catchment and/or Paris conurbation as the metal inputs (DGDDI, 2000), the metal uses (FEDEM, 2003), the fertiliser use (Unifa, 2005), the metal contents in domestic solid wastes (ADEME/INSAVALOR POLDEN, 1998); the census of industrial waste water inputs to the Seine catchment is presently under revision using direct outlet monitoring realized at the county (département) scale (AESN, 2006).…”
Section: The Seine River Catchment and Its Conceptual Budgetmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…• Domestic waste water fluxes (C22a) were extrapolated prorating the population of the Marais catchment data (Table 5A); • Urban runoff (S12b and c) for the continuous urban area: metal fluxes per km 2 from Marais catchment were corrected in order to take into account the lower percentage of Zn roofs in suburbs (40% of the roof surfaces, instead of 55%); • Urban runoff (S12b and c) for the discontinuous urban area, industrial and commercial zones: metal fluxes from Marais catchment were corrected assuming the absence of Zn roofs on these areas and using different runoff coefficients (0.8, 0.35 and 0.6 for Maraiscontinuous urban tissue, discontinuous urban area, and commercial and industrial areas respectively); • Combined sewer overflows (CSOs) (C22d): total suspended solid (TSS) median concentrations were considered constant at 240 mg L − 1 for all CSOs (Estèbe et al, 1998;Kafi-Benyahia et al, 2005); [2001][2002][2003], extrapolated to Paris megacity (9.47 million inhabitants) using the Ile-de-France 120,000 t y − 1 annual grit chamber extraction and a 66% average dryness value for such solid waste;…”
Section: Metal Budget For Paris Megacity Sewersmentioning
confidence: 99%