Spatially Adaptive Retina-Like Sampling Method for Imaging LiDAR

Li, Sihui; Cao, Jie; Cheng, Yang; Meng, Lingtong; Xia, Wei; Hao, Qun; Fang, Yunzhang

doi:10.1109/jphot.2019.2910866

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The prisms are rotated in accordance with the direction of laser pulse emission and measurement interval of LiDAR scanning. The linear movement of the prisms is controlled to ensure an appropriate measurement density [47], [85]. Once the received subchannels are combined, OOFDMA restores the data.…”

Section: Cycloid Scanning Lidar Using Risley Prism and Oofdmamentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Cycloidal Scanning LiDAR Sensor Using Risley Prism and Optical Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access for Aerial Applications

Kim,

Ashraf,

Eom

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

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This study proposes a novel light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensor. The sensor integrates a variable field-of-view (FoV) function by utilizing optical orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OOFDMA) to generate laser pulse streams and a Risley prism for steering. Using this approach, the LiDAR sensor can adjust the scanning pattern and density of the point cloud to match different sizes, distances, and distributions of objects. To ensure security against external threats, the LiDAR sensor incorporates advanced encryption standards (AES) and wavelength selection techniques. Additionally, the sensor employs various methods to achieve accurate and reliable measurements while minimizing mutual interference between laser signals. This innovative sensor has the potential to enhance the reliability and accuracy of LiDAR technology in aerial applications, thus facilitating the development of more advanced urban air mobility (UAM) sensors for diverse applications. The study evaluated a prototype LiDAR sensor that utilizes a coded laser pulse stream and OOFDMA technology for distance measurement. The LiDAR sensor incorporates three laser diodes with different wavelengths and a Risley prism for steering. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed LiDAR sensor outperforms existing sensors in terms of accuracy and precision.

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Section: Cycloid Scanning Lidar Using Risley Prism and Oofdmamentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Cycloidal Scanning LiDAR Sensor Using Risley Prism and Optical Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access for Aerial Applications

Kim,

Ashraf,

Eom

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

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“…The laser diodes are rotated concerning the direction of laser pulse emission and measurement interval of LiDAR scanning. The linear movement of the diodes is controlled to ensure appropriate measurement density [25], [26]. Once the received subchannels are combined, OOFDMA is used to restore the data.…”

Section: B Working Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

Coded Pulse Stream LiDAR Based on Optical Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access

Kim,

Ashraf,

Eom

et al. 2023

IEEE Access

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In future mobility, robust obstacle detection is imperative for autonomous vehicles, fostering a reliance on vision-based data and the emergence of light detection and ranging (LiDAR) as a pivotal sensor. Despite challenges of cost and novelty, LiDAR's unique capabilities find favor among automakers, except Tesla. Offering 3D imaging with superior resolution than radar, LiDAR holds potential significance as a perception sensor for safe and efficient transportation. Its 3D distance measurement using laser pulses and waveform analysis is vital for obstacle detection in autonomous vehicles. Techniques like scanning and flash LiDAR optimize point cloud acquisition, albeit with challenges in balancing resolution and frame rates. Because LiDAR measures the distance to an object using the time-of-flight, the idle listening time required to detect reflected waves increases in proportion to the maximum distance. Both, lateral angular resolution and frame rates are dependent on this idle listening time. Lateral angular resolution impacts LiDAR's ability to detect objects. This study proposes an optical orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) LiDAR with a coded pulse technique to enhance the detection accuracy of objects. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed OFDMA LiDAR overcoming false positives and mutual interference through pulse stream LiDARs and strategic approaches is crucial in LiDAR's integration into future mobility systems. INDEX TERMSAutonomous vehicles, LiDAR, optical communication, optical OFDMA, time-of-flight, discrete Hartley transform.

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“…For instance, a data set with 100 × 100 pixels, 1000 time bins, and 32 wavelengths can yield an excessively large number of data samples ( >10 8 ) which will lead to a significant computational load and prohibitive memory requirements. Adaptive sampling appears as a promising strategy to reduce data volume [17], [20], [25], [26], [31] by focusing the scanning on pixels containing target's returns, and scanning less those only containing background reflections.…”

Section: Task-optimized Adaptive Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Single-photon pixel-wise scanning has been widely used as it allows eye-safe imaging even at km-range distances [19], [33], [34]. With recent technological advances, array scanning is possible by moving a detector array spatially to scan a large field of view [26], [27], [35], [36]. In this paper, we study both scanning cases, and investigate the scenarios of sequential scanning (i.e., when scanning one pixel/array at a time) and parallel scanning when scanning all pixels in one shot (e.g., using a binary mask to select pixels or by activating electronically some pixels of an array of detectors, as illustrated in Fig.…”

Section: Generation Of New Locations and Acquisition Timesmentioning

confidence: 99%