Spatio-temporal analysis of the melt onset dates over Arctic sea ice from 1979 to 2017

Liang, Shuang; Zeng, Jian; Li, Zhen; Qiao, Dejing

doi:10.1007/s13131-021-1827-x

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…The aim of this paper is to carry out an accuracy analysis of the direct transformation between the established projections, as follows: Firstly, B ∈ [66.5 • , 90 • ] and l ∈ [−90 • , 90 • ] are substituted into Equations ( 1), (5), and (8) to get the true value of the projected coordinates. Secondly, the true values of the coordinates are substituted into the projected conversion formulas (Equations ( 11)~( 16)) derived in this paper to get the computed values.…”

Section: Accuracy Of Direct Transformation Between Projectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Arctic route is poised to become the new major maritime artery [1][2][3][4]. Currently, there are several challenges in polar navigation, including rapidly changing marine environments, limited communication capabilities, and inadequate navigation safety measures [5][6][7]. There are potential risks associated with ships exploring the Arctic, such as the occurrence of extreme events, such as ship collisions leading to oil spills [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamic Projection Method of Electronic Navigational Charts for Polar Navigation

Jiao,

Wan,

et al. 2024

JMSE

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Electronic navigational charts (ENCs) are geospatial databases compiled in strict accordance with the technical specifications of the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO). Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) is a Geographic Information System (GIS) operated by ENCs for real-time navigation at sea, which is one of the key technologies for intelligent ships to realize autonomous navigation, intelligent decision-making, and other functions. Facing the urgent demand for high-precision and real-time nautical chart products for polar navigation under the new situation, the projection of ENCs for polar navigation is systematically analyzed in this paper. Based on the theory of complex functions, we derive direct transformations of Mercator projection, polar Gauss-Krüger projection, and polar stereographic projection. A rational set of dynamic projection options oriented towards polar navigation is proposed with reference to existing specifications for the compilation of the ENCs. From the perspective of nautical users, rather than the GIS expert or professional cartographer, an ENCs visualization idea based on multithread-double buffering is integrated into Polar Region Electronic Navigational Charts software, which effectively solves the problem of large projection distortion in polar navigation applications. Taking the CGCS2000 reference ellipsoid as an example, the numerical analysis shows that the length distortion of the Mercator projection is less than 10% in the region up to 74°, but it is more than 80% at very high latitudes. The maximum distortion of the polar Gauss-Krüger projection does not exceed 10%. The degree of distortion of the polar stereographic projection is less than 1% above 79°. In addition, the computational errors of the direct conversion formulas do not exceed m throughout the Arctic range. From the point of view of the computational efficiency of the direct conversion model, it takes no more than 0.1 s to compute nearly 8 million points at resolution, which fully meets the demand for real-time nautical chart products under information technology conditions.

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Section: Accuracy Of Direct Transformation Between Projectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%