Spatio-temporal variability of lightning and convective activity over South/South-East Asia with an emphasis during El Niño and La Niña

Saha, Upal; Siingh, Devendraa; Midya, S. K.; Singh, R. P.; Singh, Abhay Kumar; Kumar, Sarvan

doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2017.07.005

Cited by 26 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…In order to explore the relationship between ENSO and the wave height, the characteristics of the interannual variation of the wave field in the SCB are analyzed to be related to the ENSO index (Niño3.4 index) during 2004–2013. The Niño3.4 index (Saha et al, ) is defined as sea surface temperature anomalies in the Niño 3.4 region (5°S–5°N, 170°–120°W), which has been obtained from the website: http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/data/indices. In 2009–2010 (Yuan et al, ), a relatively strong El Niño event occurs when the Niño3.4 index is largest during the 10 years.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple‐Scale Variations of Wind‐Generated Waves in the Southern California Bight

et al. 2018

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A numerical wave model is applied to study the wind‐generated wave in the Southern California Bight (SCB). Observational data available in this area are used to validate the numerical model results. The model is integrated for 10 years (2004–2013). The comparison of the model results with observations shows that the model well reproduces the wave variations in the SCB. The multiple‐scale variations in the wavefield are examined: interannual, seasonal, intraseasonal, and diurnal. The significant wave height and swell wave height distributions display distinct patterns during different seasons. On the interannual scale, the wave variation in the SCB is influenced by El Niño–Southern Oscillation activities. Intraseasonal scale events occur frequently. Land/sea breezes cause the diurnal variation. The effects of topography (especially islands) and currents on waves are analyzed. The islands in the SCB provide significant sheltering effects to the coast from deep‐ocean waves. The effect of background currents on waves is discussed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple‐Scale Variations of Wind‐Generated Waves in the Southern California Bight

et al. 2018

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“…The present study is a step in this direction. Our previous studies were addressed to specific problems of how the lightning activity in some regions of South Asia is, (a) associated with the dry and wet convections in two regions of the Himalayas (Penki and Kamra, 2013a), (b) distributed with respect to the position of monsoon trough in the Indian summer monsoon season (Ramesh Kumar and Kamra, 2012b), (c) influenced by the presence of the Himalayas (Penki and Kamra, 2013a), (d) affected by the land-sea contrast over the sea and peninsular regions (Ramesh Kumar and Kamra, 2012b) and (e) influenced by El Nino/La Nina events, (Ramesh Kumar and Kamra, 2012c;Kamra and Athira, 2016), influenced by the topography and vegetation index (Oulkar et al, 2019) and projected change in lightning activity in 21st century (Saha et al, 2017a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies significantly add not only in understanding the spatio‐temporal variability of lightning activity in particular area of investigation (Lal and Pawar, 2009; Ramesh Kumar and Kamra, 2010; Tinmaker et al ., 2010, 2014, 2015; Tinmaker and Ali, 2012; Siingh et al ., 2014; Lal et al ., 2018; Mushtaq et al ., 2018) but also over the whole Indian region (Kandalgaonkar et al ., 2003; Kandalgaonkar et al ., 2005; Yoshida et al ., 2007, Ranalkar and Chaudhari (2009); Murugavel et al ., 2014; Chate et al ., 2017; Nath et al ., 2009; Tinmaker et al ., 2019). In addition, these studies deal with some particular features such as the land‐ocean contrast (Nath et al ., 2009; Kandalgaonkar et al ., 2010a; Kandalgaonkar et al ., 2010b; Chate et al ., 2017), asymmetry in eastern and western parts of India (Nath et al ., 2009; Tinmaker and Chate, 2013), effect of El‐Nino and La‐Nina events (Siingh et al ., 2017; Saha et al ., 2017a; Tinmaker et al ., 2017a, 2017b; Saha et al ., 2017b) on the lightning activity and its temporal distribution in tropical cyclones over north Indian Ocean (Ranalkar et al ., 2017). Most of these localized case studies suggest that a relationship exists between the lightning flash rate and meteorological parameters, which govern the formation and development of storms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional variability in lightning activity over South Asia

Kamra

Kumar

2020

Intl Journal of Climatology

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The regional variability of lightning activity over 10 different regions, selected with at least one major meteorological/topographical feature, of South Asia (8 N-36 N, 90 E-100 E) have been examined on all time scales from the data obtained from July 1995 to December 2013 from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission satellite. A comparative study of the correlation coefficients calculated between lightning flash rate and convective parameters, aerosol optical depth (AOD) and topography for different regions is carried out. Impact of the progress of the Asian Monsoon on the spatio-temporal variability of flash rate is also examined. Monthly-averaged variations are annual at the regions >2,700 m in altitude and are semi-annual at the regions <2,700 m in altitude. The annually averaged flash rates increase during the study period in most of the regions. However, such long-term changes are nonlinearly related to the change in convective parameters and AOD and such interrelationships differ from one meteorological region to another. Small changes in AOD in high altitude regions are associated with very large changes in the surface temperature and flash rate. The flash rate is strongly correlated with surface temperature in the dry region of the northwest but with CAPE in moist region of the northeast. Progress of the Asian monsoon strongly impacts the flash rate in different regions. Ratio of the amplitudes of primary to secondary maxima at land stations increases with latitude in case of the monthly-averaged variations in flash rate. The primary maxima in these variations are highly correlated with the atmospheric surface temperature. However, the secondary maxima are associated with the low-level convergence during the withdrawal phase of the monsoon. Incursion of moisture by the Bay of Bengal branch of monsoon current determines the sequence of occurrence of lightning activity in different regions along the Himalayan foothills and northwest .

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“…The strong convective activities appear during the La Niño period over the Indian subcontinent and its surroundings along with Indochina Peninsula which associated with the changes of the Walker circulation and the local Hadley circulation. Opposite to El Nino period, reduced convective activities appear in this period [2], [14][15].…”

Section: Annual Rainfall and Rain Daymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many researchers indicated that the El Niño -Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycles have influenced Thailand monsoon rainfall on interannual scales [5][6][7][8], [10][11][12][13][14]. The variations in the position and intensity of the ITCZ are associated with climate phenomena known as the ENSO.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Rainfall in the Eastern Thailand

Nounmusig¹

2018

GEOMATE

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Eastern Thailand needs for water increases daily due to population growth, economic developments, and urbanization. The main source of water in the region is mainly from the rain. Therefore, understanding of rainfall pattern in this region is required to support the planning of water management. In this study, the patterns of rainfall in eastern Thailand are analyzed by using statistical analysis. The data used from 15 rain gauge stations (the period in 1969-2008) of Thai Meteorological Department (TMD). The 40-year average of rainfall is found 1921mm.The region has abundant of rainfall during May to September due to Southwest monsoon, especially in windward location. The highest of rainfall and rain day found in August at Khlong Yai with exceeding 1000mm and exceed 25day, respectively. The results show yearly rainfall has been a tendency to decrease. The significant correlation between monthly rainfall and ENSO indices has the largest number in the transitional period (April, May, and October).

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Spatio-temporal variability of lightning and convective activity over South/South-East Asia with an emphasis during El Niño and La Niña

Cited by 26 publications

References 102 publications

Multiple‐Scale Variations of Wind‐Generated Waves in the Southern California Bight

Multiple‐Scale Variations of Wind‐Generated Waves in the Southern California Bight

Regional variability in lightning activity over South Asia

Analysis of Rainfall in the Eastern Thailand

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