Spatiotemporal Variation Analysis of the Fine-Scale Heat Wave Risk along the Jakarta-Bandung High-Speed Railway in Indonesia

Abstract

As a highly important meteorological hazard, heat waves notably impact human health and socioeconomics, and accurate heat wave risk identification and assessment are effective ways to address this issue. The current spatial scale of heat wave risk assessment is relatively coarse, hardly meeting fine-scale heat wave risk assessment requirements. Therefore, based on multi-source fine-scale remote sensing data and socioeconomic data, this paper evaluates the heat wave risk along the Jakarta-Bandung high-speed railway, obtains the spatial distribution of heat wave risk in 2005, 2014 and 2019, and analyzes spatiotemporal risk variations over the past 15 years. The results show that most high-risk areas were affected by high-temperature hazards. Over time, the hazard, exposure, vulnerability and risk levels increased by 25.82%, 3.31%, 14.82% and 6.97%, respectively, from 2005–2019. Spatially, the higher risk in the northwest is mainly distributed in Jakarta. Additionally, a comparative analysis was conducted on the risk results, and the results showed that the 100-m scale showed more spatial differences than the kilometer scale. The research results in this paper can provide scientific advice on heat wave risk prevention considering the Jakarta-Bandung high-speed railway construction and regional economic and social development.

Spatiotemporal Distribution of Heatwave Hazards in the Chinese Mainland for the Period 1990–2019

“…The natural breaks method was used to classify the spatial distribution and temporal trends of the AH values, and each was categorized as high, medium-high, middle, medium-low, or low (red section in Figure 2 ), and as increasing, slightly increased, basically unchanged, slightly decreased, or decreased (green section in Figure 2 ) [ 42 , 50 ]. Apart from the above two classifications, the hazards in China were further divided into four categories: high hazard and rapidly increasing, high hazard and slightly decreasing or no significant change, low hazard and continually increasing, and others (blue section in Figure 2 ).…”

“…Some researchers have directly used the temperature index to define hazards [ 29 , 42 ]. However, the scientific literature shows that a heatwave hazard is a measure of the severity of heatwave events, usually determined by the intensity, duration, frequency, and extent of heatwaves [ 32 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 ] and calculated using the graphic overlay method [ 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 ].…”

Spatial Analysis of Urban Residential Sensitivity to Heatwave Events: Case Studies in Five Megacities in China

“…Therefore, LST is often used as a quantitative index to indicate the exposure to heatwaves [25,26]. In addition, considering the significant correlation between LST and the urban underlying surface, the spatial patterns of heatwave risk are quantitatively characterized by the land use/cover types, vegetation index, water body index, building density, and impervious surface index extracted based on remote sensing imagery [27][28][29]. The above indexes emphasize more in terms of the natural influence of HWEs on the space.…”

“…The above indexes emphasize more in terms of the natural influence of HWEs on the space. The urban heatwave risk was affected by the comprehensive effects of the natural environment, social and economic conditions, population characteristics, and other factors [26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. Traditionally, indicators representing socio-economic conditions and population characteristics were generally obtained through the spatialization of socioeconomic statistical data [33,34].…”

“…Therefore, attention has increasingly focused on the inner-city scale. Such studies usually take kilometer-level grids or districts and counties as research units to map the spatial patterns of heatwave risks [27,29,51,52]. It has been shown that urban internal greening rates, building densities, spatial structures and urban forms are closely related to risks posed by high temperatures [33].…”