Special features of drip-sprinkler irrigation technology

Abstract

Irrigation techniques and technology based on principle of regular accumulation of moisture in active layer (surface irrigation, regular sprinkler irrigation) are most common in science and in practice.More progressive is principle of non-stop water supply of plants and soil in conformity to their water consumption. Drip irrigation and impulse sprinkling are based on this principle. The main advantage of drip irrigation is establishment of optimal water and nutritive regime directly in the plant root system. However, such irrigation is not effective enough under conditions of high air temperatures (over 25-35 W С), as growing process of several agricultural plants is known to slow down at 30-35 W С and photosynthesis, consequently, stops, which, in turn, affects plants yielding capacity. Sprinkling irrigation provides improvement of both microclimate in plant's environment and their water regime. Combination of drip and sprinkling irrigation permits the positive characteristics of each individual technology to be united, and to remove a series of disadvantages of their separate use as well as to use drip-sprinkler irrigation technology to create optimal conditions for plant development. Dripsprinkler irrigation technology facilitates saving of irrigation water through drip irrigation in the main vegetation period and through improvement of microclimate and water regime of agricultural plants with additional sprinkling irrigation within the period of high temperatures and low air humidity that affects the growing process and increases yielding capacity of grown cultures. Increasing water deficiency affects the world agricultural sector. Increase of water utilization productivity is an actual trend for increase of food production (Annual Report - ICID ). In irrigation agriculture irrigation technology shall secure optimal supply of agricultural plants with water based on biological peculiarities of each culture. With this purpose peculiarities of existing irrigation techniques and technologies affecting plant's environment shall be considered. Surface irrigation technology is based on the principle of regular accumulation of moisture in active layer. Technology of standard regular sprinkling also provides regular accumulation of moisture in soil and also increases air humidity and lowers its temperature during sprinkling which is a positive factor. Progressive irrigation techniques are drip irrigation, thin dispersed irrigation and impulse sprinkling. These technologies are directed to non-stop supply of plants with water in accordance with their water consumption. Effectiveness of these technologies has been proved by results of their application throughout the world (Annual Report - ICID ). Comparative efficiency of various irrigative regimes of sprinkling and drip irrigation of sunflowers in Mediterranean region of Turkey certifies that both drip watering and sprinkling irrigation provide acceptable increase in yielding capacity and quality of sunflowers under water deficiency conditions.Here...

Poly‐γ‐glutamic acid enhanced the yield and photosynthesis of soybeans by adjusting soil aggregates and water distribution

“…However, the implementation of these measures is time consuming and labor intensive, or fails to address the underlying issue of water scarcity 8‐10 . Drip irrigation technology significantly enhances water‐use efficiency in comparison with traditional flood irrigation; however, its applicability is limited to areas with abundant water resources and flat topography 11 . The implementation of agronomic practices aimed at enhancing soil water retention through the addition of external soil amendments is a novel approach to mitigate plant drought stress.…”

Timing and water temperature of drip irrigation regulate cotton growth and yield under film mulching in arid areas of Xinjiang

“…Drip irrigation is a form of micro‐irrigation that supplies nutrient‐containing water directly to the root area of each plant, 3 so the site of irrigation and the amount of water can be precisely regulated. Plastic film mulching is a vital field management technology for agricultural production, improving crop yields while minimizing water input 4‐6 .…”

Biochemical Fulvic Acid Modification for Phosphate Crystal Inhibition in Water and Fertilizer Integration

“…Water and fertilizer integration can realize the simultaneous supply of nutrients and water. Its main advantage is the establishment of optimal water and nutritive regime directly in the plant root system [ 12 , 13 ], which significantly increases the uptake of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphate by plant roots and effectively improves the water and fertilizer utilization efficiency [ 14 , 15 ]. Drip irrigation technologies also bring new problems in nutrient loss and water waste.…”