Special Issue “Flavonoids and Their Disease Prevention and Treatment Potential”: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives

Rupasinghe, H.P. Vasantha

doi:10.3390/molecules25204746

Cited by 54 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Approximately 6000 flavonoid compounds are estimated to be distributed in different fruits, vegetables, herbs, and plants [ 47 ]. Flavonoids offer diverse health benefits against chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, cancer, diabetes, obesity, and hepatic disease, which lead to increased mortality and morbidity [ 48 , 49 , 50 ]. Because of their potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, they can modify various enzymes and signaling molecules that are responsible for disease prognosis [ 51 ].…”

Section: Polyphenols In Managing Muscle Atrophy and Muscle Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyphenols and Their Effects on Muscle Atrophy and Muscle Health

2021

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Skeletal muscle atrophy is the decrease in muscle mass and strength caused by reduced protein synthesis/accelerated protein degradation. Various conditions, such as denervation, disuse, aging, chronic diseases, heart disease, obstructive lung disease, diabetes, renal failure, AIDS, sepsis, cancer, and steroidal medications, can cause muscle atrophy. Mechanistically, inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction are among the major contributors to muscle atrophy, by modulating signaling pathways that regulate muscle homeostasis. To prevent muscle catabolism and enhance muscle anabolism, several natural and synthetic compounds have been investigated. Recently, polyphenols (i.e., natural phytochemicals) have received extensive attention regarding their effect on muscle atrophy because of their potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have reported polyphenols as strongly effective bioactive molecules that attenuate muscle atrophy and enhance muscle health. This review describes polyphenols as promising bioactive molecules that impede muscle atrophy induced by various proatrophic factors. The effects of each class/subclass of polyphenolic compounds regarding protection against the muscle disorders induced by various pathological/physiological factors are summarized in tabular form and discussed. Although considerable variations in antiatrophic potencies and mechanisms were observed among structurally diverse polyphenolic compounds, they are vital factors to be considered in muscle atrophy prevention strategies.

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Section: Polyphenols In Managing Muscle Atrophy and Muscle Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyphenols and Their Effects on Muscle Atrophy and Muscle Health

2021

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“…Numerous researchers have demonstrated that anticarcinogenic effects of polyphenols are assigned to several mechanisms, including the induction of apoptosis, regulation of various cell signaling pathways, regulation of the cell cycle, DNA repair, and activation of the receptors [ 195 , 196 ]. Flavonoids are known to activate the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway and contribute to cytoprotection in normal cells [ 197 ]; however, some flavonoids such as flavones, luteolin, apigenin, and chrysin are shown to inhibit Keap1/Nrf2/ARE and are proapoptotic in cancer cells [ 198 ].…”

Section: Dietary Antioxidants As Anticancer Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Dietary Antioxidants in p53‐Mediated Cancer Chemoprevention and Tumor Suppression

Merlin

Rupasinghe

Dellaire

et al. 2021

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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Cancer arises through a complex interplay between genetic, behavioral, metabolic, and environmental factors that combined trigger cellular changes that over time promote malignancy. In terms of cancer prevention, behavioral interventions such as diet can promote genetic programs that may facilitate tumor suppression; and one of the key tumor suppressors responsible for initiating such programs is p53. The p53 protein is activated by various cellular events such as DNA damage, hypoxia, heat shock, and overexpression of oncogenes. Due to its role in cell fate decisions after DNA damage, regulatory pathways controlled by p53 help to maintain genome stability and thus “guard the genome” against mutations that cause cancer. Dietary intake of flavonoids, a C15 group of polyphenols, is known to inhibit cancer progression and assist DNA repair through p53-mediated mechanisms in human cells via their antioxidant activities. For example, quercetin arrests human cervical cancer cell growth by blocking the G2/M phase cell cycle and inducing mitochondrial apoptosis through a p53-dependent mechanism. Other polyphenols such as resveratrol upregulate p53 expression in several cancer cell lines by promoting p53 stability, which in colon cancer cells results in the activation of p53-mediated apoptosis. Finally, among vitamins, folic acid seems to play an important role in the chemoprevention of gastric carcinogenesis by enhancing gastric epithelial apoptosis in patients with premalignant lesions by significantly increased expression of p53. In this review, we discuss the role of these and other dietary antioxidants in p53-mediated cell signaling in relation to cancer chemoprevention and tumor suppression in normal and cancer cells.

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“…Chrysin, a flavone [ 5 ], is one of the potential polyphenols widely distributed in plant-based foods [ 6 ]. A plethora of evidence supports the health benefits of polyphenolics in managing physiological functions and the prevention of chronic oxidative stress-triggered disease conditions such as cancers, diabetes, and cardiovascular as well as neurodegenerative disorders [ 7 ]. Chrysin, a bioactive phytoconstituent, has a broad range of pharmacological spectra showing anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-aging, anti-cancer, and cardioprotective properties [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topical Nanoemulgel for the Treatment of Skin Cancer: Proof-of-Technology

et al. 2021

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The present study is a mechanistic validation of ‘proof-of-technology’ for the effective topical delivery of chrysin nanoemulgel for localized, efficient treatment of melanoma-affected skin. Background: Currently available treatments for skin cancer are inefficient due to systemic side effects and poor transcutaneous permeation, thereby presenting a formidable challenge for the development of novel nanocarriers. Methods: We opted for a novel approach and formulated a nanocomplex system composed of hydrophobic chrysin dissolved in a lipid mix, which was further nanoemulsified in Pluronic® F-127 gel to enhance physicochemical and biopharmaceutic characteristics. Chrysin, a flavone extracted from passion flowers, exhibits potential anti-cancer activities; however, it has limited applicability due to its poor solubility. Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were constructed to identify the best self-nanoemulsifying region by varying the compositions of oil, Caproyl® 90 surfactant, Tween® 80, and co-solvent Transcutol® HP. Chrysin-loaded nanoemulsifying compositions were characterized for various physicochemical properties. Results: This thermodynamically stable, self-emulsifying drug delivery system showed a mean droplet size of 156.9 nm, polydispersity index of 0.26, and viscosity of 9100 cps after dispersion in gel. Mechanical characterization using Texture Analyzer exhibited that the gel had a hardness of 487 g and adhesiveness of 500 g. Ex vivo permeation through rat abdominal skin revealed significant improvement in percutaneous absorption measured as flux, the apparent permeability coefficient, the steady-state diffusion coefficient, and drug deposition. In vitro cytotoxicity on A375 and SK-MEL-2 cell lines showed a significantly improved therapeutic effect, thus ensuring reduction in dose. The safety of the product was established through biocompatibility testing on the L929 cell line. Conclusion: Aqueous, gel-based, topical, nanoemulsified chrysin is a promising technology approach for effective localized transcutaneous delivery that will help reduce the frequency and overall dose usage and ultimately improve the therapeutic index.

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Special Issue “Flavonoids and Their Disease Prevention and Treatment Potential”: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives

Abstract: In recent years, the interest in flavonoids as dietary bioactives to prevent human diseases, as well as their candidacy as pharmaceutical leads, has exponentially expanded [...]

Cited by 54 publications

References 34 publications

Polyphenols and Their Effects on Muscle Atrophy and Muscle Health

Polyphenols and Their Effects on Muscle Atrophy and Muscle Health

Role of Dietary Antioxidants in p53‐Mediated Cancer Chemoprevention and Tumor Suppression

Topical Nanoemulgel for the Treatment of Skin Cancer: Proof-of-Technology

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