Special Needs of and Promising Solutions for Incarcerated Veterans of Operation Enduring Freedom, Operation Iraqi Freedom, and Operation New Dawn

Pajak, Alexandra

doi:10.1177/1078345820938032

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 82 publications

(116 reference statements)

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“…About 2.5 million U.S. servicemen were involved in operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, and according to various reports, 10−30% of them developed PTSD [ 3 ]. Studies show that modern wars veterans compared to veterans of previous eras are at increased risk of developing mental disorders, suicidal behavior, are prone to homelessness and problems with criminal justice [ 4 ]. According to a sample of U.S. veterans, $923 million were spent during two years to treat PTSD in the late 2010s putting a high burden on health care [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Virtual Reality Techniques to Rehabilitate Military Veterans with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (Review)

Volovik¹,

Belova²,

Kuznetsov³

et al. 2023

Sovrem Tehnol Med

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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental and behavioral disorder developing after a traumatic event like participation in combat activities. Objective diagnosis of combat PTSD and effective rehabilitation of war veterans is a current multifaceted problem with particularly high social costs. This review aims to evaluate the potential of virtual reality technique used as exposure therapy tool (VRET) to rehabilitate combat veterans and service members with PTSD.The review was written following the guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The final analysis includes 75 articles published in 2017-2022.VRET therapeutic effect mechanisms were examined along with protocols and scenarios of VRET combined with other interventions influencing PTSD treatment like pharmacotherapy, motion-assisted multi-modular memory desensitization and reconsolidation (3MDR), transcranial magnetic stimulation. The necessity is substantiated of psychophysiological measurements for objectification of PTSD clinical criteria and its dynamics during treatment. It was shown that inclusion of VRET to the package of PTSD rehabilitation interventions positively affects the results due to the enhanced effect of presence and greater experience personalization. Thus, VRET may be an effective, controlled, and cost-effective alternative for PTSD treatment in combatants, including those not responding to conventional therapy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Virtual Reality Techniques to Rehabilitate Military Veterans with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (Review)

Volovik¹,

Belova²,

Kuznetsov³

et al. 2023

Sovrem Tehnol Med

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show abstract

“…In addition, a far greater number of veterans are currently on parole or probation, suggesting the total number of veterans with a history of criminal justice involvement is much higher (Glaze, 2011). Notably, among justice-involved veterans (i.e., those with a lifetime history of criminal justice system involvement), those who served following 9/11 appear to be especially at heightened risk, with some researchers noting increased risk for criminal justice involvement (Pajak, 2020), as well as higher rates of psychiatric diagnosis (e.g., posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD]; Tsai et al, 2013).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between justice involvement and PTSD and depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempt among post-9/11 veterans.

Holliday¹,

Hoffmire²,

Martin

et al. 2021

Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and

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Objective: Justice-involved veteran research remains largely limited to men and those using Veterans Health Administration (VHA) services. Research inclusive of women and those not using VHA care is critical to understanding mental health and suicide risk among justice-involved veterans. This study examined whether lifetime justice involvement was associated with symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression, recent suicidal ideation, and lifetime suicide attempt. Method: We conducted a secondary analysis of 812 post-9/11 male and female veterans. The sample included veterans eligible and not eligible for VHA care. Participants were administered the PTSD Checklist for DSM-IV, the Patient Health Questionnaire-8, and the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale. Additional questions assessed justice involvement, military characteristics, demographics, and recent use of VHA mental health care. Results: History of justice involvement was associated with more severe PTSD and depression symptoms as well as suicidal ideation and suicide attempt. Associations were maintained after adjusting for sex, combat exposure, service branch, recent use of VHA mental health care, and education. Sex-stratified exploratory analyses revealed consistent findings among males; justice involvement was associated with suicide attempt among females. Current probation or parole was particularly related to depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempt. Conclusions: Justice-involved veterans appear to be a vulnerable population experiencing heightened psychiatric symptoms and increased risk for recent suicidal ideation and lifetime suicide attempt. Programs within VHA and the community are important for connecting justice-involved veterans to mental health services and mitigating suicide risk. Clinical Impact StatementJustice-involved veterans reported more severe symptoms of PTSD and depression and were more likely to report lifetime suicide attempt and recent suicidal ideation, relative to veterans without a history of justice involvement. Exploratory analyses revealed similar results among males, and an association between justice involvement and suicide attempt among females. Veterans currently on probation or parole reported more severe depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation and higher rates of suicide attempt. As justice-involved veterans appear to be an at-risk population, Department of Veterans Affairs and community-based initiatives to connect justice-involved veterans to mental health care are especially important.

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Mortality Among Individuals Released From U.S. Prisons: Does Military History Matter?

McNeeley,

Morgan,

Logan

et al. 2023

Armed Forces & Society

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The physiological effects of imprisonment are well-documented and include a heightened risk for various forms of mortality post-release. The incarceration-mortality nexus does not apply equally to all groups, however, and research shows that some demographics (i.e., vulnerable populations) experience a greater likelihood of death. In the current study, we analyze correctional data over a 10-year period (2010–2019; n = 36,716) from Minnesota to assess the extent to which formerly incarcerated military veterans differ from non-veterans in their relative risk of mortality, net of relevant control variables. We also examine whether specific risk factors for post-release mortality differ between these groups. Findings indicate that veteran status is not a significant predictor of all-cause, natural, or unnatural mortality among releasees, though several notable within-group differences were observed. Policy implications of the current study are discussed in relation to the provision of veteran-centric health care services and directions for future research are given.

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Special Needs of and Promising Solutions for Incarcerated Veterans of Operation Enduring Freedom, Operation Iraqi Freedom, and Operation New Dawn

Cited by 5 publications

References 82 publications

Use of Virtual Reality Techniques to Rehabilitate Military Veterans with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (Review)

Use of Virtual Reality Techniques to Rehabilitate Military Veterans with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (Review)

Associations between justice involvement and PTSD and depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempt among post-9/11 veterans.

Mortality Among Individuals Released From U.S. Prisons: Does Military History Matter?

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