Special Resins for Stereolithography: In Situ Generation of Silver Nanoparticles

Taormina, Gabriele; Sciancalepore, Corrado; Bondioli, Federica; Messori, Massimo

doi:10.3390/polym10020212

Cited by 68 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…When it comes to thermostable DSC curves, the literature indicates that it is possible to observe exothermic peaks that would correspond to a cure favoured by the increase in temperature of the sample during said study. These peaks would decrease or even disappear when the degree of cure is increased by the application of some post-curing process of successive DSC cycles to the sample [39,43,44].…”

Section: Thermal Characterisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterisation of Acrylic Resin-Al Powder Composites Suitable for Additive Manufacturing

et al. 2020

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Stereolithography is an additive manufacturing technology commonly used to build either prototypes or final parts. Nevertheless, the manufacture of structural parts has been ruled out owing to the poor mechanical properties of conventional UV-curable resins. Moreover, the inventory of available commercial resins is still limited and they exhibit low thermal and electrical conductivity values. In this work, some composite materials were designed using Al microparticles dispersed within an SLA commercial resin matrix. These composites overcame the difficulties caused by the light scattering effect during the photopolymerisation process in the SLA technology. Dispersion of the filler was characterised by means of SEM/EDX and AFM. The composites exhibited improved thermal and mechanical behaviour in comparison with the pristine resin. The simplicity of the synthesis method used to prepare the composites provides a convenient starting point to explore new ways of designing composites for SLA with improved mechanical and functional properties.

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Section: Thermal Characterisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterisation of Acrylic Resin-Al Powder Composites Suitable for Additive Manufacturing

et al. 2020

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“…Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) has been used to incorporate, for example, nitrofurantoin 6 or silver nitrate 7 for potential use in medicine and healthcare. Stereolithography (SLA) has been used to incorporate 4-aminosalicylic acid 8 for customised drug-release kinetics, silver nanoparticles 9 or quaternary ammonium compounds 10 . Binder Jetting has been employed, often exploiting the capacity to dissolve antibiotics in the liquid binder, to form polymer 11 or ceramic 12 composites, for potential bone implants amongst other applications.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of silver-based additives for the development of antibacterial functionality in Laser Sintered polyamide 12 parts

Turner

Wingham

Paterson

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Infectious diseases (exacerbated by antimicrobial resistance) cause death, loss of quality of life and economic burden globally. Materials with inherent antimicrobial properties offer the potential to reduce the spread of infection through transfer via surfaces or solutions, or to directly reduce microbial numbers in a host if used as implants. Additive Manufacturing (AM) techniques offer shorter supply chains, faster delivery, mass customisation and reduced unit costs, as well as highly complicated part geometries which are potentially harder to clean and sterilise. Here, we present a new approach to introducing antibacterial properties into AM, using Laser Sintering, by combining antimicrobial and base polymer powders prior to processing. We demonstrate that the mechanical properties of the resultant composite parts are similar to standard polymer parts and reveal the mode of the antibacterial activity. We show that antibacterial activity is modulated by the presence of obstructing compounds in different experimental media, which will inform appropriate use cases. We show that the material is not toxic to mammalian cells. This material could be quickly used for commercial products, and our approach could be adopted more generally to add new functionality to Laser Sintered parts. The global Additive Manufacturing (AM) market has grown by an average of 26.9% annually for the last 30 years, with the overall revenue of the industry currently estimated at $9.8 billion, and aerospace, automotive and healthcare being major sectors 1. Parts are produced in a layer-by-layer manner, directly from a Computer-Aided Design (CAD) file. This layer-by-layer approach provides key benefits through removing the need for tooling and increasing the ease with which complex geometries can be produced. However, despite their clear potential, the range of materials that can be used in AM processes is limited compared to more traditional manufacturing techniques, which in turn has restricted the range of applications in which they can be used. Laser Sintering is an AM technology that produces parts by selectively scanning and melting consecutive cross-sections of polymer powder particles. Areas which have not been scanned remain as loose powder throughout the process, acting to support any overhanging areas, which in turn allows the economic production of highly complex part geometries. This geometric capability makes Laser Sintering highly suited to production of complex, optimised, products and devices, or to the production of products and devices personalised to individuals. However, particularly when considering hand-held and/or medical products, increasing geometric complexity can render them difficult and time-consuming to clean effectively, potentially providing increased chance of spread of bacteria. Incorporation of antibacterial properties into the parts themselves could reduce or eliminate this risk, and is the focus of this work. Many antimicrobial products are currently available to purchase, with a growing global market fo...

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“…VP-SLA is a very high suitable technique for thermoset and elastomers additive manufacturing, whereas PBF or EB are not suitable. VP-SLA is one of the most interesting technologies among the wide AM family, because it allows one to reach the highest levels of accuracy combining the advantages of starting from a liquid base material with the vector scanning driven modality that the laser adopts to cure it [ 53 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability-Based Evaluation of the Suitability of Polymers for Additive Manufacturing Intended for Extreme Operating Conditions

Rodríguez-Prieto

Primera

Callejas³

et al. 2020

Polymers

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A reliability engineering program must be implemented from the conceptual phase of the physical asset to define the performance requirements of the components and equipment. Thus, in this work, the aim is to find the most optimal solution to manufacture polymer-based parts for the nuclear power industry using additive manufacturing routes. This case study application has been selected because polymers processed by additive manufacturing (AM) can be well suited for nuclear applications. The methodology includes—firstly—an analysis of the suitability of materials based on high-temperature resistance, thermal aging and irradiation tolerance, considering operation conditions. Secondly, an analysis of materials’ processability considering their associated AM routes is performed based on thermal analysis and evaluation of physical properties of materials. A final assessment integrating the in-service suitability and AM processability is performed using a reliability approach, solving different emerging objective conflicts through defined constraints and selection criteria. According to the integrated in-service performance evaluation: Polypropylene-ethylene polyallomer (PPP), Epoxy (EP), Phenolics (Ph), Polyurethane (PU) and Acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) are the best options for mild operation conditions and EP, Ph and PU, considering high temperature along with radiation exposure. Considering AM techniques: EP and Ph can be manufactured using VAT photopolymerization-stereolithography (VP-SLA) with a good expected processability being these materials valid for high temperature environments. Consequently, this research work analyzes the viability, processability and in-service behavior of parts.

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Special Resins for Stereolithography: In Situ Generation of Silver Nanoparticles

Cited by 68 publications

References 41 publications

Synthesis and Characterisation of Acrylic Resin-Al Powder Composites Suitable for Additive Manufacturing

Synthesis and Characterisation of Acrylic Resin-Al Powder Composites Suitable for Additive Manufacturing

Use of silver-based additives for the development of antibacterial functionality in Laser Sintered polyamide 12 parts

Reliability-Based Evaluation of the Suitability of Polymers for Additive Manufacturing Intended for Extreme Operating Conditions

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