Specialized Studies in the Neurological Evaluation

Localization of spontaneous bursting neuronal activity in the preterm human brain with simultaneous EEG-fMRI

“…In addition to the ipsilateral primary clusters, other areas of BOLD activity were also frequently seen in the anatomical homologue in the opposite hemisphere and occasionally in association areas of the cortex (supplementary motor area (SMA), anterior cingulate, precuneus) or deeper structures of the brain (thalamus and basal ganglia) ( Supplementary file 3 ). Delta brushes with topographies other than posterior-temporal are more frequent earlier on in development compared to the age window studied here ( Lamblin et al, 1999 ; Boylan, 2007 ; Volpe, 1995 ) and may represent activity from other developing brain regions which follow a different maturational trajectory. However precise localization of the sources of these events and others that were not recorded in our study group will require further work in a larger study population which spans other age ranges when these regions may be more active.…”

“…Delta brushes appear from 28 to 30 weeks PMA ( Boylan et al, 2008 ; Lamblin et al, 1999 ; Niedermeyer, 2005 ; Vecchierini et al, 2007 ), have a peak incidence at 32–35 weeks PMA ( André et al, 2010 ; Boylan et al, 2008 ; Lamblin et al, 1999 ; D'Allest and Andre, 2002 ; Hahn and Tharp, 2005 ) and disappear between 38–42 weeks PMA ( Boylan et al, 2008 ; Hahn and Tharp, 2005 ). They initially have a diffuse or predominantly peri-central distribution in infants <32 weeks PMA ( Lamblin et al, 1999 ; Boylan, 2007 ; Volpe, 1995 ), progressing to have a more temporal and occipital (but rarely frontal) topography in late preterm infants ( Tolonen et al, 2007 ; D'Allest and Andre, 2002 ; Hahn and Tharp, 2005 ; Volpe, 1995 ; Watanabe et al, 1999 ). As with spindle bursts in animal models, delta brushes can also be elicited by external stimuli ( Chipaux et al, 2013 ; Colonnese et al, 2010 ; Fabrizi et al, 2011 ; Milh et al, 2007 ) with their topographies coarsely overlying the primary sensory cortices of the relevant stimulus modality, suggesting that the activation of specific cortical regions appears on the scalp surface as different delta brush distributions.…”

Normal values of cerebral blood flow velocities in neonates

“…Me re weCBFVpo mo ćuPSV,EDV,RIiPIomo gu ća va od re đi va wece re bral neva sku lar neper fu zi jeiva sku lar nogot po ra,ati meipro ce nuce re bral necir ku la ci je.To komra nogneo na tal nogpe ri o daja vqa juse znat neosci la ci jece re bral nogva sku lar nogpro to ka [1,5,6].Raz li či tevred no stiCBFVkodtzv.ter min skog no vo ro đen če taipre vre me noro đe nogde te tauslo vqe nesubroj nimfunk ci o nal nimima tu ra ci o nimpro me na mauce re bral nomkr vo to ku,me đuko ji masusma we wedu bo kihce re bral nihkrv nihsu do va,re sorp ci jager mi na tiv nogma trik sauzisto vre me nopo ve ća we su per fi ci jal nekor ti kal nemre žeipro me neori jen ta ci jece re bral nogkr vo to kaodba zal nihgan gli jaka kor tek su [6,8,9].Poro đe wudo la zidopo ve ća wami nut nogvo lu me naisi stem skogar te rij skogpri ti ska iza tva ra waduk tu saar te ri o zu sa,štoiza zi vave li ke pro me neuce re bral nojcir ku la ci jino vo ro đen če tau pr vimda ni maži vo ta,po seb nokodpre vre me noro đe nede ce,kodko jejece re bral naauto re gu la ci jasla bi je iz ra že na [2,3,5,10].…”

Validation of Cerebral Venous Oxygenation Measured Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Partial Jugular Venous Occlusion in the Newborn Lamb

“…Abnormal cerebral haemodynamics and oxygen delivery are major aetiologic factors for cerebral injury of sick preterm infants (Meek et al , 1999 b ; Tsuji et al , 2000), and new methods for assessment of cerebral circulation and oxygenation are needed to aid their clinical management and improve their outcomes. Continuous wave near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been used for several assessments of cerebral circulatory function in preterm infants including cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), and cerebral autoregulation (Hintz, 2001; Owen-Reece et al , 1999; Volpe, 2001c). Despite its promise, the difficulty of applying continuous wave NIRS to determine CBF and CBV renders it of limited use for routine bedside investigations.…”