“…Many chemical-based As detection methods including AFS (atomic fluorescence spectroscopy), ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry), ICP-AES (ICP-atomic emission spectrometry), GFAAS (graphite furnace atomic absorption), HGAAS (gaseous hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry), and HPLC-ICP-MS (high-performance liquid chromatography-ICP-MS) are reliable with high sensitivity, however, these methods are usually expensive, hard to maintain the equipments, and unfavorable for rapid screening of large-scale test or applied in situ (Ma et al, 2014;Kaur et al, 2015).…”