Speciation and genetic divergence of three species of charr from ancient Lake El'gygytgyn (Chukotka) and their phylogenetic relationships with other representatives of the genus<i>Salvelinus</i>

Osinov, A. G.; Senchukova, A. L.; Mugue, N. S.; Павлов, С. Д.; Chereshnev, I. A.

doi:10.1111/bij.12559

Cited by 48 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 131 publications

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“…The taxa described were: S. alpinus ( h1-h13 ), S. a. alpinus ( h14-h15), S. alpinus and S. a. oquassa ( h16), S. alpinus , S. boganidae and S. a. erythrinus ( h17), S. malma and S. m. malma (h18), S. malma (h21), and S. a. erythrinus ( h32, h 33) . Based on Osinov et al [110], which used mtDNA CytB to assess phylogenetic relationship among taxa in Salvelinus , it seems that S. alpinus , S. a. oquassa, S. a. erythrinus and S. malma group together (MP tree), being genetically related to S. boganidae (evaluated from lack of bootstrap support). Thus, our results seems concordant with Osinov et al [2015], and other studies regarding a genetic relationship between S. malma and S. alpinus [111–114], comprising taxonomic members in lineage 1 (light purple; named #1 in in Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“And if you gaze long into an abyss, the abyss gazes also into thee”: four morphs of Arctic charr adapting to a depth-gradient in Lake Tinnsjøen

Østbye

Hassve

Peris

et al. 2019

Preprint

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AbstractBackgroundThe origin of species is a central topic in biology aiming at understanding mechanisms, level and rate of diversification. Ecological speciation is an important driver in adaptive radiation during post-glacial intra-lacustrine niche diversification in fishes. The Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus L. species complex in the Northern hemisphere freshwater systems display huge morphological and life history divergence in lakes with one or several morphs present, thus offering a unique opportunity to address ongoing speciation mechanisms.We studied Arctic charr in Lake Tinnsjøen by fishing in four nominal lake habitats (pelagial, littoral, shallow-moderate profundal, and deep-profundal habitats) down to 350 meters depth. Research topics addressed were; (1) to illuminate Holarctic phylogeography and lineages colonizing Lake Tinnsjøen, (2) to estimate reproductive isolation of morphs or fish using unbiased methods, and (3) to document eco-morphological and life history trait divergence. Also, we compared Lake Tinnsjøen with four Norwegian outgroup populations of Arctic charr.ResultsFour field-assigned morphs were identified in Lake Tinnsjøen; the planktivore morph in all habitats except deep-profundal, the dwarf morph in shallow-moderate profundal, the piscivore morph in shallow-moderate profundal (less in littoral and deep-profundal), and an undescribed new morph – the abyssal morph in the deep-profundal only. The morphs displayed extensive life history variation based on age and size patterns. A moderate to high concordance was observed between field-assigned morphs and four unbiased genetic clusters obtained from microsatellite variation. MtDNA suggested the occurrence of two minor endemic clades in Lake Tinnsjøen likely originating from one widespread colonizing clade in the Holarctic. All morphs were genetically differentiated at microsatellites (FST: 0.12-0.20; with some ongoing gene flow among morphs, and for most mtDNA comparisons (FST: 0.04-0.38). Analyses of Norwegian outgroup lakes implied colonization from a river system below Lake Tinnsjøen.ConclusionOur findings suggest post-glacial adaptive radiation of one colonizing mtDNA lineage with divergent niche specialization along a depth-temperature-productivity-pressure gradient. Concordance between reproductive isolation and the realized habitat of the morphs imply that ecological speciation may be the mechanism of divergence. Particularly novel is the extensive morph diversification with depth into the often unexplored deep-water profundal habitat, suggesting we may have systematically underestimated biodiversity present in lakes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“And if you gaze long into an abyss, the abyss gazes also into thee”: four morphs of Arctic charr adapting to a depth-gradient in Lake Tinnsjøen

Østbye

Hassve

Peris

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…Alongside head and body shape, fin size can also be used to differentiate adult charr morphs (Proulx & Magnan, 2004;Muir et al, 2015;Osinov et al, 2015). Consequently, when analysing linear morphometric measurements in juveniles, we also considered fin length.…”

Section: Morphometric Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Juvenile divergence in adaptive traits among seven sympatric fish ecomorphs arises before moving to different lacustrine habitats

Есин

Маркевич

Pichugin

2018

J of Evolutionary Biology

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Identifying the mechanisms initiating sympatric diversification in vertebrates has remained a conceptual challenge. Here, we analyse an assemblage of sympatric charr (Salvelinus malma) morphs from landlocked Lake Kronotskoe basin as a model to uncover the divergence pathways in freshwater fishes during the early life history stages. All morphs have distinct developmental biology, but a similar developmental rate retardation compared to the ancestor. Our study reveals that adult morphological differences, which acquire functionality at maturation, originate in the early juvenile stages due to heterochrony in skeletogenesis and allometric changes triggered by variation in metabolic activity. The craniofacial differences among the morphs result from asynchronous development of several skeletal modules. The accelerated ossification of teeth-armed bones occurs in predatory feeding morphs, whereas cranial cover ossification is promoted in benthivorous morphs. These contrasting growth patterns have led to seven phenotypes that span a range far beyond the ancestral variability. The most distinct morphs are a riverine spawning, epilimnetic predator and a lacustrine spawning, profundal benthic feeder. Taken together, we argue that the adaptive morphological differentiation in these sympatric freshwater fishes is driven by diverging patterns in ossification rate and metabolic activity against a background of uneven somatic growth. This divergence is primarily associated with basic environmental differences on the nursery grounds that might be unrelated to resource use. This nonheritable phenotype divergence is then exposed to natural selection that could result in further adaptive genetic changes.

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“…Several distinct landlocked populations of S. taranetzi have been described from the lakes of Chukotka (Fig. 1;Chereshnev et al, 2002;Gudkov, 2005;Omelchenko, 2005;Salmenkova & Omelchenko, 2013;Osinov et al, 2015). Populations having the S. taranetzi morphotype have also been observed in the Uyeginskoye and the Corral Lakes located in the Okhota River basin along the Sea of Okhotsk continental coast (Volobuev, 1976(Volobuev, , 1977Glubokovsky, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Several distinct landlocked populations of S. taranetzi have been described from the lakes of Chukotka (Fig. ; Chereshnev et al, ; Gudkov, ; Omelchenko, ; Oleinik & Skurikhina, ; Salmenkova & Omelchenko, ; Osinov et al, ). Populations having the S .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of sympatric charr groups, Salvelinus, Salmonidae, in the lakes of Kamchatka: a legacy of the last glaciations

Есин

Бочарова

Mugue

et al. 2017

Journal of Fish Biology

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Six postglacial lakes were studied along both sides of the Kamchatka central mountain range, Russia. Pairs of local morphotypes of species of Arctic charrs, Salvelinus spp., have previously been described from the southernmost lakes while the fish fauna of the four northernmost lakes was studied here for the first time. Phenotypic data support the division of Kamchatkan lacustrine charrs into two groups according to the number of gill rakers and pyloric caeca, as well as snout-dorsal and snout-ventral distances (MANOVA, P < 0·001). These groups respectively correspond to phenotypes commonly referred to as Salvelinus malma and Salvelinus taranetzi. To clarify the identity of these groups, D-loop and cytochrome b (cytb) region sequences were analysed. Haplotype network analysis of mtDNA shows the salmonids inhabiting four lakes on the south and north are phylogenetically close to either Beringian S. malma or to S. taranetzi from the Chukotka and Kolyma River basins (the mean ± s.e. pairwise per cent sequence divergence is 0·006 ± 0·001). Phenotype-genotype discordance suggests that mitochondrial introgression between species has occurred in the two smallest lakes (<0·5 km ) in the central part of the peninsula. Identical haplotypes of D-loop and cytb regions were found for the populations of S. taranetzi from the most distant southern and northern lakes, indicating all lakes were colonized by both species simultaneously after the last glacial maximum. Salvelinus taranetzi may have colonized the Kamchatka peninsula from one or both of two different source regions: the Arctic Beringia and the northern coast of the Okhotsk Sea.

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Speciation and genetic divergence of three species of charr from ancient Lake El'gygytgyn (Chukotka) and their phylogenetic relationships with other representatives of the genusSalvelinus

Cited by 48 publications

References 131 publications

“And if you gaze long into an abyss, the abyss gazes also into thee”: four morphs of Arctic charr adapting to a depth-gradient in Lake Tinnsjøen

“And if you gaze long into an abyss, the abyss gazes also into thee”: four morphs of Arctic charr adapting to a depth-gradient in Lake Tinnsjøen

Juvenile divergence in adaptive traits among seven sympatric fish ecomorphs arises before moving to different lacustrine habitats

Occurrence of sympatric charr groups, Salvelinus, Salmonidae, in the lakes of Kamchatka: a legacy of the last glaciations

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