Speciation, Cytogenetics, and Utilization of Arachis Species

Stalker, H. T.; Moss, J. P.

doi:10.1016/s0065-2113(08)60801-9

Cited by 129 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…For Cercospora arachidicola, Cercosporidium personatum and P. arachidis, the results presented by Stalker & Moss (1987) in a table of species and respective resistance results for several diseases and pests show a marked similarity to those found in the present study.…”

Section: Puccinia Arachidissupporting

confidence: 86%

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Characterization of rust, early and late leaf spot resistance in wild and cultivated peanut germplasm

Fávero

Moraes

Garcia³

et al. 2009

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) has an AB genome and is one of the most important oil crops in the world. The main constraints of crop management in Brazil are fungal diseases. Several species of the genus Arachis are resistant to pests and diseases. The objective of our experiments was to identify wild species belonging to the taxonomic section Arachis with either A or B (or "non-A") genomes that are resistant to early leaf spot (Cercospora arachidicola), late leaf spot (Cercosporidium personatum) and rust (Puccinia arachidis). For the identification of genotypes resistant to fungal diseases, bioassays with detached leaves were done in laboratory conditions, with artificial inoculation, a controlled temperature of 25°C and a photoperiod of 10 h light/14 h dark, for 20-42 days, depending on the fungi species. Most of the accessions of wild species were more resistant than accessions of A. hypogaea for one, two or all three fungi species studied. Arachis monticola, considered to be a possible tetraploid ancestor or a derivative of A. hypogaea, was also more susceptible to Cercosporidium personatum and Puccinia arachidis, as compared to most of the wild species. Therefore, wild germplasm accessions of both genome types are available to be used for the introgression of resistance genes against three fungal diseases of peanut. Key words: Puccinia arachidis, Cercospora arachidicola, Cercosporidium personatum, groundnut, Arachis spp. CARACTERIZAÇÃO DA RESISTÊNCIA À FERRUGEM, MANCHA PRETA E MANCHA CASTANHA EM GERMOPLASMA SILVESTRE E CULTIVADO DE AMENDOIMRESUMO: O amendoim (Arachis hypogaea) possui genoma AB e é uma das mais importantes culturas oleaginosas em todo o mundo. Os principais problemas da cultura no Brasil são as doenças fúngicas. Várias espécies do gênero Arachis são resistentes a pragas e doenças. Este trabalho visou a identificar espécies silvestres pertencentes à seção Arachis associadas aos genomas A ou B (ou "não-A") do amendoim que são resistentes à mancha castanha (Cercospora arachidicola), mancha preta (Cercosporidium personatum) e ferrugem (Puccinia arachidis). Para a identificação de genótipos resistentes a doenças fúngicas, bioensaios utilizando folhas destacadas foram realizados em condições de laboratório, com inoculação artificial, temperatura controlada de 25°C e fotoperíodo de 10h luz/14h escuro, por 20-42 dias, de acordo com a espécie fúngica. A maioria dos acessos das espécies silvestres foram mais resistentes que os acessos de A. hypogaea para uma, duas ou todas as espécies fúngicas estudadas. Arachis monticola, considerada como o possível ancestral tetraplóide ou como um derivativo de A. hypogaea, também mostrou-se mais suscetível a Cercosporidium personatum e Puccinia arachidis, quando comparado à maioria das espécies silvestres. Portanto, acessos de germoplasma silvestre com genoma A ou B estão disponíveis para serem utilizados na introgressão de genes de resistência a doenças fúngicas no amendoim.

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Section: Puccinia Arachidissupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Several species have higher resistance levels to diseases when compared to A. hypogaea germplasm accessions (Pande & Rao, 2001;Stalker & Moss, 1987). The genus has nine taxonomic sections, and A. hypogaea is in the section Arachis, along with 30 wild species (Krapovickas & Gregory, 1994;Valls & Simpson, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of rust, early and late leaf spot resistance in wild and cultivated peanut germplasm

Fávero

Moraes

Garcia³

et al. 2009

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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“…Breeders of many vegetatively propagated crops have been taking advantage of the spontaneously occurring 2n gametes for introgressing genes from wild diploid species to their cultivated polyploid crops through ploidy manipulations (Peloquin and Ortiz 1992). The usefulness of polyploids for crop improvement that originate through the functioning of 2n gametes has been demonstrated in some of the crops like potato (Mendiburu and Peloquin 1971;Mendiburu et al 1974), alfalfa (Bingham 1980;Veronesi et al 1986), red clover (Parrott and Smith 1984;Smith et al 1985), blueberry (Lyrene et al 2003), blackberry (Hall 1990), cassava (Ogburia et al 2002), peanuts (Stalker and Moss 1987), strawberry (Bringhurst and Voth 1984), sugarcane (Bremer 1961), sweet potato (Becerra Lopez-Lavalle and Orjeda 2002) and banana (Ortiz and Vuylsteke 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relevance of unilateral and bilateral sexual polyploidization in relation to intergenomic recombination and introgression in Lilium species hybrids

et al. 2009

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Sexual polyploids were induced in diploid (2n = 2x = 24) interspecific F1 hybrids of Longiflorum 9 Asiatic (LA) and Oriental 9 Asiatic (OA) Lilium hybrids by backcrossing to Asiatic (AA) parents as well as by sib-mating of the F1 LA hybrids. A majority of the BC1 progenies were triploid and the progenies from sib-mating were tetraploid or near tetraploids. Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) technique was applied to assess the intergenomic recombination in the BC1 populations of LA and OA hybrids obtained after unilateral sexual polyploidization. A total of 63 LA (LA 9 AA and AA 9 LA) and 53 OA hybrids were analysed. LA hybrids were originated through the functioning of 2n gametes either as 2n eggs or 2n pollen while those of OA hybrids originated through functional 2n pollen of diploid OA genotype. In both type of crosses, a majority of the progenies had originated through First Division Restitution (FDR) mechanism of functional 2n gamete either with or without a cross over. However, there were nine LA-and four OA-genotypes where Indeterminate Meiotic Restitution (IMR) was the mechanism of 2n gamete formation. Based on GISH, total amount of introgression of Longiflorum and Oriental genome into Asiatic genome was determined. Most of the BC progenies exhibited recombination and the amount of recombination was higher in LA hybrids as compared to OA hybrids. Intergenomic recombination was also determined cytologically in the 16 plants of sib-mated LA hybrids where both parents had contributed 2n gametes. Based on these results the nature of interspecific lily hybrids obtained from uni-and bilateral sexual polyploidization leading to allotriploid and allotetraploid formation is discussed in the context of introgression and intergenomic recombination.

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“…Several wild species of the genus show interesting characteristics for groundnut genetic improvement (Arachis hypogaea L.), to be used as forage, ornamental, as well as for erosion control. Several of them are more pest resistant than the cultivated groundnut (Stalker & Moss, 1987;Fávero et al, 2001). Chromosome number and morphological observations are important for species characterization and germplasm bank organization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rooting performance from leaf petioles of accessions and hybrids of wild Arachis species

Fávero

Nass

Cargnin

et al. 2005

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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The genus Arachis has 69 species, the majority native to Brazil. Arachis spp. seedling root tips have been used to obtain dividing cells for cytological preparations. Several wild species produce small amounts of seeds and consequently few root meristems, making the cytogenetic characterization very difficult. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the rooting capacity of several wild species of Arachis using the detached leaves technique for obtaining roots from petioles. One hundred and thirty accessions and 27 interspecific hybrids were studied. Three evaluations were performed at 15, 31, and 49 days after planting. Leaf rooting observed in the wild species confirmed the great genetic variability typical of the Arachis genus, indicating that the number of days interferes with the rooting percentage. The Arachis Section presented the highest rate of rooting leaves. The Caulorrhizae Section showed the same pattern observed in the Erectoides Section. Accessions from Heteranthae, Trierectoides, Extranervosae, and Rhizomatosae Sections did not differ among each other. Differences were not observed in Erectoides Section when compared to Rhizomatosae and Extranervosae Sections. The number and morphology of roots obtained through this technique were promising to be used on cytological preparations. Key words: cytology, germplasm ENRAIZAMENTO DE PECÍOLOS DE FOLHAS DE ESPÉCIES SILVESTRES E HÍBRIDOS DE ARACHIS

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Speciation, Cytogenetics, and Utilization of Arachis Species

Cited by 129 publications

References 81 publications

Characterization of rust, early and late leaf spot resistance in wild and cultivated peanut germplasm

Characterization of rust, early and late leaf spot resistance in wild and cultivated peanut germplasm

Relevance of unilateral and bilateral sexual polyploidization in relation to intergenomic recombination and introgression in Lilium species hybrids

Rooting performance from leaf petioles of accessions and hybrids of wild Arachis species

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