Speciazione e biodisponibilità degli elementi nel suolo: effetto sulla qualità della produzione agraria e sull’ambiente

Abstract

The agricultural production, determining the quality of the foodstuffs, depends on the biological characteristics of the crops and on the environmental properties, where soil environment plays a central role. Crops absorb water and nutritive elements from soil, but they can intake toxic elements as well. The potential benefits, or dangers, due to the presence of a certain element in soil, depend on its chemical speciation regulating its bioavailability, toxicity, environmental mobility, and biogeochemistry. Elements may exist in soil in different redox species and organic or inorganic forms. They may thus undergo different chemical processes occurring in solution, in the solid phase, or at the solid-water interface. The chemical speciation and bioavailability of the elements are affected by soil and environmental properties, which may undergo natural or anthropogenic modifications. As an example, we reported here some aspects linked to the chemical speciation, bioavailability and environmental fate of two chemically similar elements. The former, phosphorus, is a macronutrient element, essential for plant growth, while the latter, arsenic, is strongly toxic for most living organisms

Sustainability by Function (SbF): A Case Study in a Rainfed Vineyard to Reduce the Loss of Soil Nutrients

“…Moreover, our research also advises about the risk of delivering potentially toxic elements, such as Manaljav et al [50] found in the sloping vineyards and Pham et al [51] in Tokaj Nagy Hill, both sites in Hungary. Runoff water transports nutritive elements from soil, but they can also mobilize toxic elements [52]. The probability of transport of a certain element in soil is greatly influenced by its chemical speciation and increases when the element is in an easy mobilized form, being that dissolved nutrient forms easily mobilized with any runoff water [53].…”