Species interactions have predictable impacts on diversification

Zeng, Yichao; Wiens, John J.

doi:10.1111/ele.13635

Cited by 36 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…The idea that mutualisms increase diversification has been controversial [10,29]. However, recent analyses found that mutualisms are associated with higher diversification rates overall [31]. Thus, in a given clade, species with a given mutualism have higher diversification rates than species that do not.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We used two approaches to find case studies. First, we conducted systematic searches for macroevolutionary studies of species interactions [31]. We conducted 11 searches using the Web of Science Core Collection on 25 September 2019.…”

Section: Materials and Methods (A) Finding Case Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although this could lead to some errors, this should apply to both antagonisms and mutualisms. For example, both mutualisms and antagonisms (for the antagonist) can increase diversification [31]. Furthermore, many studies lacked the necessary data to apply methods that could address these issues (e.g.…”

Section: (B) Inferring Ages Of Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our tests were not phylogenetically corrected, for several reasons [31]. First, a phylogenetic correction assumes that species are not independent data points because they can share a trait owing to common ancestry.…”

Section: (D) Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yet, the relationship between mutualism and diversification has been controversial [10,25,[28][29][30]. A recent systematic review [31] found that mutualisms generally increase diversification, whereas antagonisms generally decrease diversification (in the victim clade), thus mutualisms might last longer than antagonisms. However, these effects on diversification do not directly address the long-term persistence of these interactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Do mutualistic interactions last longer than antagonistic interactions?

Zeng

Wiens

2021

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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Species interactions are crucial and ubiquitous across organisms. However, it remains unclear how long these interactions last over macroevolutionary timescales, and whether the nature of these interactions (mutualistic versus antagonistic) helps predict how long they persist. Here, we estimated the ages of diverse species interactions, based on phylogenies from 60 studies spanning the Tree of Life. We then tested if mutualistic interactions persist longer than antagonistic interactions. We found that the oldest mutualisms were significantly older than the oldest antagonisms across all organisms, and within plants, fungi, bacteria and protists. Surprisingly, this pattern was reversed in animals, with the oldest mutualisms significantly younger than the oldest antagonisms. We also found that many mutualisms were maintained for hundreds of millions of years (some greater than 1 billion years), providing strong evidence for the long-term stability of mutualisms and for niche conservatism in species interactions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Materials and Methods (A) Finding Case Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (B) Inferring Ages Of Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (D) Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Do mutualistic interactions last longer than antagonistic interactions?

Zeng

Wiens

2021

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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Trait matching in a multi‐species geographic mosaic of leafflower plants, brood pollinators, and cheaters

Hao

Liu

Hembry

et al. 2023

Ecology and Evolution

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Trait matching between partners is usually expected to maintain mutualistic interactions, since in order for mutualisms to function, partner taxa must have traits which match, and thus such matching traits will be under strong stabilizing selection (Week & Nuismer, 2021; Yoder & Nuismer, 2010). In its most extreme forms, such as yuccas and yucca moths, and figs and fig wasps, insects and their host plants exhibit species-specific reciprocal adaptation in both morphology and behaviors pertaining to pollination and oviposition (Althoff &

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Phylogenetic Diversity of Plant and Insect Communities on Islands

Leclère,

Gerhold

2024

Ecology and Evolution

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Interactions between plants and insects have long fascinated scientists. While some plants rely on insects for pollination and seed dispersal, insects rely on plants for food or as a habitat. Despite extensive research investigating pair‐wise species interactions, few studies have characterized plant and insect communities simultaneously, making it unclear if diverse plant communities are generally associated with diverse insect communities. This work aims to better understand the historical and evolutionary relationships between plant and insect phylogenetic diversity (PD) on islands. We hypothesized that phylogenetically diverse plant communities (i.e., high PD) support diverse insect communities, with the relationship varying with island isolation, area, age, and latitude. Species lists for plants and insects were compiled from the published literature, and plant PD was calculated using ´standardized mean pairwise distance´ (SES.MPD) and ´standardized mean nearest taxon distance´ (SES.MNTD). For insects, PD was estimated using the number of genera, families, and orders. We found that plant diversity in evolutionary recent times (SES.MNTD) is associated with recent insect diversity (number of genera), but no relationship was found between plant and insect diversity across whole phylogenies (plant SES.MPD vs. number of insect families). Distant islands generally support high PD of plants (high SES.MPD and SES.MNTD) and insects (low number of genera). Plant and insect PD was generally high on small islands, except for plant SES.MPD revealing no relationship with island size. Insect PD was somewhat higher on young islands (low number of families), whereas there was no relationship between island age and plant PD. Plant SES.MPD was higher on high latitude islands, yet we did not find significant relationships between the latitude and the metrics of insect PD or plant SES.MNTD. These findings suggest that protecting high plant PD may also help conserve high insect PD, with a focus on small and distant islands as potential hotspots of phylogenetic diversity across multiple taxa.

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Species interactions have predictable impacts on diversification

Cited by 36 publications

References 81 publications

Do mutualistic interactions last longer than antagonistic interactions?

Do mutualistic interactions last longer than antagonistic interactions?

Trait matching in a multi‐species geographic mosaic of leafflower plants, brood pollinators, and cheaters

Phylogenetic Diversity of Plant and Insect Communities on Islands

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