Species-rich meta-communities of the diatom order Thalassiosirales in the Arctic and northern Atlantic Ocean

Luddington, Ian A.; Lovejoy, Connie; Kaczmarska, Irena

doi:10.1093/plankt/fbw030

Cited by 24 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…These species estimates are considerably higher than the 55 ciliate species reported in the Western Canada Basin (Jiang et al, 2013) and the <20 dinoflagellate species reported in the Beaufort Sea (Okolodkov and Dodgeb, 1996) based on microscopy. The high proportion of environmental clades here suggests that there are likely ciliate and dinoflagellate species confined to the Arctic, as is the case for diatoms (Luddington et al, 2016) and prasinophytes (Lovejoy et al, 2007).…”

Section: Figure 5 | (A)mentioning

confidence: 74%

Seasonal and Interannual Changes in Ciliate and Dinoflagellate Species Assemblages in the Arctic Ocean (Amundsen Gulf, Beaufort Sea, Canada)

et al. 2017

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Recent studies have focused on how climate change could drive changes in phytoplankton communities in the Arctic. In contrast, ciliates and dinoflagellates that can contribute substantially to the mortality of phytoplankton have received less attention. Some dinoflagellate and ciliate species can also contribute to net photosynthesis, which suggests that species composition could reflect food web complexity. To identify potential seasonal and annual species occurrence patterns and to link species with environmental conditions, we first examined the seasonal pattern of microzooplankton and then performed an in-depth analysis of interannual species variability. We used high-throughput amplicon sequencing to identify ciliates and dinoflagellates to the lowest taxonomic level using a curated Arctic 18S rRNA gene database. DNA-and RNA-derived reads were generated from samples collected from the Canadian Arctic from November 2007 to July 2008. The proportion of ciliate reads increased in the surface toward summer, when salinity was lower and smaller phytoplankton prey were abundant, while chloroplastidic dinoflagellate species increased at the subsurface chlorophyll maxima (SCM), where inorganic nutrient concentrations were higher. Comparing communities collected in summer and fall from 2003 to 2010, we found that microzooplankton community composition change was associated with the record ice minimum in the summer of 2007. Specifically, reads from smaller predatory species like Laboea, Monodinium, and Strombidium and several unclassified ciliates increased in the summer after 2007, while the other usually summer-dominant dinoflagellate taxa decreased. The ability to exploit smaller prey, which are predicted to dominate the future Arctic, could be an advantage for these smaller ciliates in the wake of the changing climate.

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Section: Figure 5 | (A)mentioning

confidence: 74%

Seasonal and Interannual Changes in Ciliate and Dinoflagellate Species Assemblages in the Arctic Ocean (Amundsen Gulf, Beaufort Sea, Canada)

et al. 2017

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“…Cells (~ 9 µ m pervalvar axis) form short and tight chains with contiguous valves (Figure 3F). B. bathyomphala is often reported in northern and polar waters (Crawford et al, 2018; Johnsen et al, 2018), especially where silicate concentration is high (Luddington et al, 2016).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The morphology of the two strains differs (Figure 3Z and F1): RCC5532 cells have a longer pervalvar axis (~ 32 µ m), shorter valve diameter and fewer discoid chloroplasts in comparison to RCC5609 . Isolates with identical 18S rRNA may present cryptic diversity based on ITS divergence (Luddington et al, 2016). S. bioculatus is reported as dominating the top portion of submerged sea-ice ridges (Fernández-méndez et al, 2018).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chaetoceros gelidus and Chaetoceros neogracilis often dominate Arctic phytoplankton assemblages (Crawford et al, 2018; Katsuki et al, 2009), although other species such as C. decipiens or C. furcellatus have also been reported (Johnsen et al, 2018; Joo et al, 2012). Thalassiosira is a diverse genus with both Arctic, ice-associated and subpolar/temperate water representatives (Luddington et al, 2016), in particular T. nordenskioeldii and T. antarctica var. borealis (Johnsen et al, 2018; Lovejoy et al, 2002; Poulin et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Culturable diversity of Arctic phytoplankton during pack ice melting

Ribeiro¹,

Santos²,

Gourvil³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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14Massive phytoplankton blooms develop at the Arctic ice edge, sometimes extend- 15 ing far under the pack ice. An extensive culturing effort was conducted before and 16 during a phytoplankton bloom in Baffin Bay between April and July 2016. Differ-17 ent isolation strategies were applied, including flow cytometry cell sorting, man-18 ual single cell pipetting and serial dilution. Although all three techniques yielded 19 the most common organisms, each technique retrieved specific taxa, highlight-20 ing the importance of using several methods to maximize the number and diver-21 sity of isolated strains. More than 1,000 cultures were obtained, characterized by 22 18S rRNA sequencing and optical microscopy and de-replicated to a subset of 23 276 strains presented in this work. Strains grouped into 57 genotypes defined by 24 100% 18S rRNA sequence similarity. These genotypes spread across five divi-25 sions: Heterokontophyta, Chlorophyta, Cryptophyta, Haptophyta and Dinophyta. 26 Diatoms were the most abundant group (193 strains), mostly represented by the 27 genera Chaetoceros and Attheya. The genera Rhodomonas and Pyramimonas were 28 the most abundant non-diatom nanoplankton strains, while Micromonas polaris 29 dominated the picoplankton. Diversity at the class level was higher during the 30 peak of the bloom. Potentially new species were isolated, in particular within the 31 genera Navicula, Nitzschia, Coscinodiscus, Thalassiosira, Pyramimonas, Man-32 toniella and Isochrysis.33

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“…In temperate and sub-polar marine waters, it is an important component of planktonic communities (Luddington et al 2016). Within this order, Thalassiosira Cleve is a diverse genus with considerable taxonomic and morphological variation (Round et al 1990), for which a large number of morphological characters are taken into account at species level (Luddington et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shionodiscus gaarderaesp. nov. (Thalassiosirales, Thalassiosiraceae), a bloom-producing diatom from the southwestern Atlantic Ocean, and emendation ofShionodiscus bioculatusvar.bioculatus

et al. 2018

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The recently established diatom genus Shionodiscus is characterized as possessing a labiate process on the valve face and strutted processes with long internal and reduced, or no, external extensions. Many Thalassiosira species with these features were transferred to this new genus, as well as some with short internal, strutted process extensions. Examination of samples from the Argentine continental shelf and slope waters, and from the Beagle Channel, revealed the presence of a small centric diatom that formed an extensive bloom in slope waters during spring 2005 and 2006. Analysis by light and electron microscopy revealed high similarity to specimens previously referred as Thalassiosira bioculata var. raripora. This name was never effectively published; nevertheless, the name has been adopted and observations referring to it have been reported on several occasions. Here we trace the usage of the (nomenclaturally invalid) name Thalassiosira bioculata var. raripora in the literature, and formally describe the species as Shionodiscus gaarderae, based on our observations and comparison with previous reports. A morphological comparison of this and similar taxa is also provided. In addition, we offer an emended description of S. bioculatus var. bioculatus from Ostenfeld material sampled from the 'Färöer Island Naströ Fjord Plankton (16.9.1902)', held in the Hustedt collection. Finally, we propose the transfer of Thalassiosira rosulata to Shionodiscus.

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Species-rich meta-communities of the diatom order Thalassiosirales in the Arctic and northern Atlantic Ocean

Cited by 24 publications

References 93 publications

Seasonal and Interannual Changes in Ciliate and Dinoflagellate Species Assemblages in the Arctic Ocean (Amundsen Gulf, Beaufort Sea, Canada)

Seasonal and Interannual Changes in Ciliate and Dinoflagellate Species Assemblages in the Arctic Ocean (Amundsen Gulf, Beaufort Sea, Canada)

Culturable diversity of Arctic phytoplankton during pack ice melting

Shionodiscus gaarderaesp. nov. (Thalassiosirales, Thalassiosiraceae), a bloom-producing diatom from the southwestern Atlantic Ocean, and emendation ofShionodiscus bioculatusvar.bioculatus

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