Species-specific considerations in using the fish embryo test as an alternative to identify endocrine disruption

Effects of phytoestrogens on growth-related and lipogenic genes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

“…Fish exposed to genistein have increased levels of vitellogenin production, a classic indicator of estrogenic activity in fish (Pelissero et al, 1991;Inudo et al, 2004;Kausch et al, 2008;Schiller et al, 2014), including rainbow trout (Bennetau-Pelissero et al, 2001). Additional effects of Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part C 170 (2015) [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] genistein are reported on reproductive performance in species like Japanese medaka (Kiparissis et al, 2003), rainbow trout (Bennetau-Pelissero et al, 2001;Ng et al, 2006), channel catfish (Green and Kelly, 2008), and yellow perch (Ko et al, 1999).…”

Disruption of endocrine function in H295R cell in vitro and in zebrafish in vivo by naphthenic acids

“…However, according to the 3Rs principle, animal tests should be reduced, refined and, if possible, replaced. In this context, zebrafish embryos/larvae are suitable alternatives since they are considered less susceptible to distress and pain than adults [27]. More important, zebrafish embryos/larvae express endocrine markers such as aromatase and vitellogenin that are affected by endocrine compounds, allowing them to be tested by monitoring the transcriptome [31,32].…”

“…Transcription of VTG gene has been developed as a biomarker for estrogenic pollution [47][48][49]. VTG gene expression could be significantly altered in zebrafish larvae by endocrine disrupting chemicals, such as pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), bisphenol A [27,52]. In current study, high concentrations of OS-NAs and C-NAs significantly induced the abundances of transcripts of VTG in larvae, with 3.84 fold greater for 0.50 mg/l OS-NAs and 3.10 fold greater for 2.5 mg/l C-NAs (Figs.…”

“…Meanwhile, in vivo studies are needed to verify the results of in vitro studies. The zebrafish embryo/larvae has become a systematic, sensitive and easily operated mode animal for identify endocrine disruption [27]. Several zebrafish genes, such as CYP19a, CYP19b, ER␣, and VTG are wellknown biomarker genes responsive to environmental endocrine disruptors [28][29][30][31][32].…”

Neuroendocrine disruption of organizational and activational hormone programming in poikilothermic vertebrates

“…Investigators found that exogenous estrogens, estrogen mimics and antiandrogens are able to change significantly the function of cyp19a1b in the brain, suggesting that these NED may alter important homeostatic functions of this enzyme. Generally, estrogens increase expression of brain aromatase while antiandrogens, such as flutamide (Schiller et al 2014) or the aromatase inhibitor fadrozole (Zhang et al 2009b) diminish expression. As previously indicated, cyp19a1b expression in the RGC is important for neurogenesis, and also possibly for other brain functions.…”