Specific interaction of lymphocyte function-associated antigen 3 with CD2 can inhibit T cell responses.

Abstract

Objective Poor condition at birth may impact on IQ, although its effect on other measures of neurodevelopment is unclear. The authors' aim was to determine whether infants receiving resuscitation after birth have reduced scores in measures of attention, memory and language skills or the need for educational support at school even in the absence of clinical encephalopathy. Methods Three groups of term infants were identifi ed from the Avon longitudinal study of parents and children: infants resuscitated at birth but asymptomatic for encephalopathy (n=612), infants resuscitated who developed symptoms of encephalopathy (n=40) and the reference infants who were not resuscitated and had no further neonatal care (n=8080). Measures of attention, language, memory and the need for educational support were obtained for children between 8 years and 11 years. Test results (standardised to a mean of 100 and SD of 15) were adjusted for clinical and social covariates. Missing covariate data were imputed using chained equations. Results Infants asymptomatic after resuscitation had similar scores to those not requiring resuscitation for all measures while infants who developed encephalopathy had lower working memory (−6.65 (−12.34 to −0.96)), reading accuracy (−7.95 (−13.28 to −2.63)) and comprehension (−9.32 (−14.47 to −4.17) scores and increased risk of receiving educational support (OR 6.24 (1.52 to 26.43)) than infants thought to be well at birth, although there was little evidence for an association after excluding infants who developed cerebral palsy. Conclusions The authors found no evidence that infants who were resuscitated but remained well afterwards differed from those not requiring resuscitation in the aspects of neuropsychological functioning assessed in this study. Infants who developed neonatal encephalopathy had evidence of worse functioning, particularly in language skills and were more likely to receive educational support at school.

Alefacept treatment in psoriatic arthritis: Reduction of the effector T cell population in peripheral blood and synovial tissue is associated with improvement of clinical signs of arthritis

“…The recent development of novel agents such as etanercept (12) has shown the possibilities of targeted therapies. The importance of T cells in the pathogenesis of PsA has encouraged the development of compounds such as alefacept, which interferes with T cell activation and induces selective T cell apoptosis (21)(22)(23)(24)(25). The data presented in this report support the notion that targeted therapies are effective in patients with PsA, as recently shown in plaque psoriasis (26).…”

“…The LFA-3 portion binds to the CD2 receptor on T lymphocytes, blocking T cell activation and proliferation in vitro and in vivo, while the IgG1 domain interacts with Fc␥ receptor type III on accessory cells (e.g., macrophages and natural killer cells) to induce selective apoptosis of memory-effector T lymphocytes (21)(22)(23)(24)(25). In a recently completed phase II clinical trial, alefacept was documented to be safe and clinically efficacious compared with placebo in patients with active plaque psoriasis (26).…”

Prenatal Blockage of Lymphotoxin β Receptor and TNF Receptor p55 Signaling Cascade Resulted in the Acceleration of Tissue Genesis for Isolated Lymphoid Follicles in the Large Intestine

“…Proteins comprised of the extracellular domain of either murine TNFR55 or LT␤R fused to the hinge, C H 2, and C H 3 domains of human IgG1 (LT␤R-Ig, TNFR55-Ig, and LFA-3-Ig, respectively) were used in our studies, as described elsewhere (19,26,27). Timed pregnant mice were injected i.v.…”

Alternate Mucosal Immune System: Organized Peyer’s Patches Are Not Required for IgA Responses in the Gastrointestinal Tract

“…Proteins comprised of the extracellular domain of either murine LT␤R, TNF receptor 55 (TNF-R55) or LFA-3 (which does not bind murine CD2) fused to the hinge, C H 2, and C H 3 domains of human IgG1 (LT␤R-Ig, TNF-R55-Ig, and LFA-3-Ig, respectively) were used in our studies as described elsewhere (20,23,24).…”