“…For symmetric junctions where off-resonant, single-step tunneling dominates, the analytical single level model (SLM) derived from the Landauer picture has proven to be a convenient theoretical tool to determine key transport parameters from junction current–voltage ( I–V ) characteristics. − ,,,,, These parameters include the HOMO (or LUMO) energy offset, ε h (or ε l ), and the orbital coupling Γ, as shown in Figure B. Recent work by Baldea − and the authors − ,− ,, has demonstrated that ε h and Γ are easily extracted from experimental data using the analytical SLM, and the resulting I–V prediction by SLM matches the experimental I–V characteristics very well. The validity of the SLM for simple tunnel junctions is also corroborated by independent determination of ε h by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) for oligophenylene thiol and alkanethiol systems, , and by its prediction of “universal” behavior for single-step tunneling that matches experimental findings. ,, …”