The following lection is dedicated to one of the most important problems in modern neurology, namely, cell research and myasthenia gravis treatment. Great attention was given to the special characteristics of etiology, pathogenesis, clinical implications, diagnosis by exclusion and contemporary ways of treating myasthenia. Disease classifications, as well as diagnostic criteria of myasthenia, while taking age and gender aspects into account, are given here. New methods to evaluate the dynamics, prognosis of the disease, modern pathogenetic and symptomatic treatment of myasthenia are described.