Specific prebiotics modulate gut microbiota and immune activation in HAART-naive HIV-infected adults: results of the “COPA” pilot randomized trial

Abstract

Intestinal mucosal immune system is an early target for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, resulting in CD4+ T-cell depletion, deterioration of gut lining, and fecal microbiota composition. We evaluated the effects of a prebiotic oligosaccharide mixture in highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)-naive HIV-1-infected adults. In a pilot double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study, 57 HAART-naive HIV-1-infected patients received a unique oligosaccharide mixture (15 or 30 g short chain galactooligosaccharides/long chain fructooligosaccharides/pectin hydrolysate-derived acidic oligosaccharides (scGOS/lcFOS/pAOS) daily) or a placebo for 12 weeks. Microbiota composition improved significantly with increased bifidobacteria, decreased Clostridium coccoides/Eubacterium rectale cluster, and decreased pathogenic Clostridium lituseburense/Clostridium histolyticum group levels upon prebiotic supplementation. In addition, a reduction of soluble CD14 (sCD14), activated CD4+/CD25+ T cells, and significantly increased natural killer (NK) cell activity when compared with control group were seen in the treatment group. The results of this pilot trial highly significantly show that dietary supplementation with a prebiotic oligosaccharide mixture results in improvement of the gut microbiota composition, reduction of sCD14, CD4+ T-cell activation (CD25), and improved NK cell activity in HAART-naive HIV-infected individuals.

Specific Dietary Oligosaccharides Increase Th1 Responses in a Mouse Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection Model

“…Its effect on systemic immunity, however, is still largely unknown and is a field of growing interest. In this study, we demonstrate that a specific mixture of orally applied, nondigestible oligosaccharides, scGOS/lcFOS/ pAOS, with known prebiotic properties (16,56), can regulate CD4 ϩ and CD8 ϩ T cell-mediated immune responses in the lungs of RSV-infected mice.…”

“…AIN-93G-based diets were mixed with a specific oligosaccharide mixture (Research Diet Services, Wijk Bij, Duurstede, The Netherlands) containing 45% short-chain galactooligosacharide (scGOS; Borculo, Domo, Zwolle, The Netherlands), 100% long-chain fructooligosaccharide (lcFOS; Orafti, Wijchen, The Netherlands), and pectinderived acidic oligosaccharides (pAOS; 5% galacturonic acid; Sudsucker, Mannheim, Germany) in a 9:1:10 ratio based on carbohydrate purity. This specific ratio is based on immune-modulating capacities in humans and mice described earlier (16,55). The specific oligosaccharides were exchanged against 2% (wt/wt) total carbohydrates present in the control diet.…”

“…In this study, the effect of a specific dietary intervention (termed scGOS/lcFOS/pAOS) with proven gut microbiota-modulating capacities in humans and mice (1,16,33,56) is evaluated on virus-specific lung T cell responses in a C57BL/6 mouse model of primary RSV infection. Because earlier work in an influenza virus vaccination model has shown that prebiotic treatment induced a Th2¡Th1 shift, we also tested the prebiotic diet in a formalin-inactivated (FI)-RSV vaccine model.…”

Efecto de la terapia con probióticos/prebióticos sobre la reconstitución del tejido linfoide asociado a la mucosa gastrointestinal durante la infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana-1

“…La terapia con probióticos/prebióticos, recientemente, ha sido utilizada como estrategia terapéutica junto con la TAR, y ha demostrado tener efectos positivos en el estado clínico de los pacientes infectados con el virus 7,8 . Los probióti-cos son microorganismos vivos, principalmente bacterias 9 , mientras que los prebióticos son ingredientes alimenticios no digeribles que promueven el crecimiento de bacterias benéficas, modificando la actividad y composición de la microbiota intestinal 10 .…”

Infection par le virus de l’immunodéficience humaine

“…Par ailleurs, plusieurs études ont montré que, chez les patients infectés par le VIH, la microflore digestive était perturbée très précocement, avec une surreprésentation de bactéries « pro-inflammatoires » et de pathogènes opportunistes (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans) au détriment de bactéries « antiinflammatoires » comme les bifidobactéries et les lactobacilles [24]. Les probiotiques, prébiotiques et symbiotiques 3 sont des compléments alimentaires pouvant contribuer au rétablissement d'une microflore intestinale normale, à une diminution de la translocation microbienne et de l'activation immunitaire systémique, ainsi qu'à une meilleure reconstitution des lymphocytes T4 au niveau systémique et dans le GALT [24,52]. La translocation peut également être diminuée grâce à des substances capables de réduire la charge microbienne dans la lumière digestive comme la rifaximine, un antibiotique à large spectre [2].…”