Specific response of ovarian and uterine veins of mice to sex hormones

Forbes, Thomas R.; Kapadia, Shanta E.

doi:10.1002/aja.1001470306

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…For example, exogenous estradiol and estrus states in guinea pigs increased uterine small artery diameter by 30–40%, although it is not clear whether this is due to vasodilation or true growth 11. Estrogen also increased the size of ovarian and uterine veins, and of the uterine corpus in non-pregnant mice compared to controls 12, 30. Pseudopregnancy - a condition in which endocrine changes similar to those of early pregnancy occur in response to sexual stimulation without mating in species with induced ovulation (rodents) - is associated with significant uterine artery growth in the murine model similar to that of early pregnancy, although the extent of remodeling, relative to that observed at term, was relatively minor 22.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11 Estrogen also increased the size of ovarian and uterine veins, and of the uterine corpus in nonpregnant mice compared to controls. 12,30 Pseudopregnancy-a condition in which endocrine changes similar to those of early pregnancy occur in response to sexual stimulation without mating in species with induced ovulation (rodents)-is associated with significant uterine artery growth in the murine model similar to that of early pregnancy, although the extent of remodeling, relative to that observed at term, was relatively minor. 22 Unfortunately, changes in wall thickness were not measured in any of the studies cited earlier, precluding direct comparison with our findings.…”

Section: Systemic Influences On Arterial Remodelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predominance of Local Over Systemic Factors in Uterine Arterial Remodeling During Pregnancy

et al. 2009

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This study utilized a rat model in which pregnancy was surgically restricted to one uterine horn to differentiate between local (fetoplacental) and systemic (endocrine) influences on uterine vascular remodeling during pregnancy. Sprague-Dawley rats with single horn pregnancies were studied on day 20/22 of gestation and compared to age-matched non-pregnant and late pregnant controls. The morphology (axial length, lumen diameter, wall thickness) of the main uterine artery and of smaller arcuate vessels showed that vascular growth was dramatically increased in the pregnant vs. non-pregnant horn, (p<0.05). Arcuate artery wall thickness increased in the non-pregnant horn (compared to non-pregnant controls, p<0.05), suggesting a limited role for systemic hormonal influences on vascular remodeling. Notably, animals with only one functional horn also compensated by increasing the average number of implantation sites per horn from 7.6 to 12.9, thereby maintaining essentially normal litter size without any reduction in fetal or placental weights. These results demonstrate unequivocally that local rather than systemic influences play the dominant role in uterine vascular gestational remodeling of both large and small uterine arteries, and reveal a significant adaptive process that maintains relatively normal fecundity in spite of surgical restriction of normal bilateral pregnancy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Systemic Influences On Arterial Remodelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predominance of Local Over Systemic Factors in Uterine Arterial Remodeling During Pregnancy

et al. 2009

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“…Although the actual mechanisms being tested may differ in these two studies, the results of our study also support a cycle‐related difference in vascular response. These findings also suggest that ovarian hormones are likely to affect the systemic circulation in a fashion analogous to that known to occur within vessels of the reproductive tract 3,4 .…”

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confidence: 60%

Laser Doppler‐recorded reactive hyperaemia in the forearm skin during the menstrual cycle

Foong

Gamble

Sutherland

et al. 1996

BJOG

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counselling should differ accordingly, but few clinicians appear to tailor the information they give: of 15 post-membership obstetricians we surveyed, none were aware of the lower detection rate in younger women. We suggest that the main benefit of serum screening is not that it can be applied to women of all ages but that it gives an option for women of 35 years or more to avoid invasive testing (and miscarriage of a normal fetus). Mark James, Obstetrics Registrar Robert Fox, Consultant Obstetrician (Vol 103, January 1996)l. We have also observed a menstrual cycle-related difference in skin vascular reactivity in a group of 15 normal healthy women studied during the mid-follicular (days 5-9) and mid-luteal (days 19-23) stages of confirmed ovulatory cycles under standardised conditions. Skin blood velocity (SBV) was measured by a laser Doppler probe placed on the skin over the pulp of the toe. The change in SBV in response to 40" headup tilt was used as an index of the peripheral vasoconstrictor reflex. This reflex is locally and centrally mediated, being activated by an increase in venous pressure and a reduction in venous return respectively2. In our study an overall reduction in SBV was observed in response to the tilt (median percentage change -39.6 %, range 0 to -95) during the follicular phase of the cycle, suggesting functioning reflex. However, the median change in SBV increased significantly during the luteal phase (+ 6 6 %, range -83 to + 144). This change was significant (P = 001, Wilcoxon matched pairs signed rank test) and suggests that there is an attenuation of the reflex vasoconstrictor response during this phase of the menstrual cycle. The authors obtained a significant difference only in the skin of the forearm. Measurements derived from finger pulp showed a wide range of responses with no difference between the phases of the cycle, a result attributed to the presence of A-V anastomoses. In contrast, we have shown the presence of a significant difference in reactivity in the skin over the pulp of the toe. In addition, the range of responses increased significantly in the luteal phase of the cycle (P < 001, F test for variance). This suggests that there is not only an attenuation of vascular reflex response in the luteal phase, but also a greater variability in the response during this phase of the cycle. Although the actual mechanisms being tested may differ in these two studies, the results of our study also support a cycle-related difference in vascular response. These findings also suggest that ovarian hormones are likely to affect the systemic circulation in a fashion analogous to that known to occur within vessels of the reproductive tract3t4.The differences in results may be a reflection of differences in methodology and challenge. Firstly, the mechanisms behind the hyperaemic response and the vasoconstrictor reflex are likely to be different. The former is probably mediated by both chemical and local myogenic mechanisms whilst the latter appears to have both a sympathetic nerve-mediated ...

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“…From this, one can conclude that ovarian function, or more likely, dysfunction, may be a contributory factor. Oestradiol is known to be a powerful smooth muscle relaxant, particularly of pelvic organs 4 . It acts by attenuating the responsiveness of autonomic nerve endings and inducing this release of nitric oxide 5 .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Beard¹

1998

BJOG

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Specific response of ovarian and uterine veins of mice to sex hormones

Cited by 7 publications

References 8 publications

Predominance of Local Over Systemic Factors in Uterine Arterial Remodeling During Pregnancy

Predominance of Local Over Systemic Factors in Uterine Arterial Remodeling During Pregnancy

Laser Doppler‐recorded reactive hyperaemia in the forearm skin during the menstrual cycle

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