Specificational and Predicative Clauses

Progress in Paratuberculosis Control Programmes for Dairy Herds

“…In two neighbouring European countries, the Netherlands and Belgium, similarly designed voluntary control programmes were initiated in 2006 with the aim of reducing Map prevalence in dairy herds as well as reducing the concentration of Map in raw milk delivered to milk processing industries [30][31][32]. In line with the latter goal, the Dutch programme is designated as a Milk Quality Assurance Programme (MQAP).…”

“…In line with the latter goal, the Dutch programme is designated as a Milk Quality Assurance Programme (MQAP). Participation is required by dairy processors in both countries, resulting in the participation of 99% of the Dutch [33] and 75% of Belgium dairy herds [32]. In both programmes, participating herds are assigned a herd status based on the results of herd examinations.…”

“…The components covered include costs of testing, the conduct of risk assessments, or compensation for culled animals. For example, sampling and testing were free of charge for cattle owners in Norway, Austria [12,42] and Switzerland [46] and partly subsidised in Belgium [32], Germany, and Ireland [20,26], while there was no subsidy for testing in the Netherlands [30]. Several activities like screening or education were funded by dairy processors in the UK and by provincial milk marketing boards in Canada [25].…”

“…A high uptake of Map control programmes amongst farmers is pivotal to achieving a beneficial effect on Map control in the metapopulation, such as a region or country. In various European countries like Belgium, the Netherlands and the UK, incentives to participate instigated by dairy processors were effective in achieving such a high uptake [25,32,33,35,38]. Furthermore, a strong and continued collaboration between official veterinary services, laboratories, veterinary practitioners, and farmers, as reported from Italy and Germany, is helpful [20,27].…”