Specificity of Association between Paenibacillus spp. and the Entomopathogenic Nematodes, Heterorhabditis spp.

Enright, Michael R.; Griffin, Christine T.

doi:10.1007/s00248-003-0166-0

Cited by 33 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This may be a general feature of Paenibacillus-Heterorhabditis associations, as IJ yield was also unaVected in two other natural Paenibacillus-Heterorhabditis associations, and in all but one of the 15 novel Paenibacillus-Heterorhabditis associations tested (Enright and GriYn, 2004). P. nematophilus is relatively slow-growing in vitro and, despite being tolerant of Photorhabdus antibiotics, produced only 10 7 sporangia per G. mellonella cadaver (Enright and GriYn, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…comm.). While Heterorhabditis-associated Paenibacillus adhere preferentially to the IJ sheath (Enright and GriYn, 2004), the S. diaprepesi associate adheres to the IJ cuticle, and not to the sheath (El-Borai et al, 2003). Each of these strategies seems well adapted to exploit the respective nematode associate for transport, since Steinernema IJs lose the sheath readily in soil, while Heterorhabditis IJs do not (Campbell and Gaugler, 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Heterorhabditisassociated Paenibacillus strains share two features that diVer from other members of the genus and favor the maintenance of the association: resistance to Photorhabdus antibiotics, facilitating reproduction in infected cadavers, and retention of the sporangium, facilitating adhesion to Heterorhabditis spp. IJs (Enright and GriYn, 2004). Here we investigate whether the co-infection of hosts with P. nematophilus and H. megidis aVects either the number of IJs produced (yield) or their quality (size, stored energy reserves, and survival).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…H. megidis IJs emerging from cadavers co-infected with P. nematophilus can carry up to 100 sporangia each, but usually fewer than 50 GriYn, unpublished data). Paenibacillus-Heterorhabditis associations are notable for the tendency of the sporangia to cause the Heterorhabditis IJs (but not most other nematodes) to clump in water; the nematodes adhere in large crosslinked groups (Enright and GriYn, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Paenibacillus nematophilus on the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis megidis

Enright

Griffin

2005

Journal of Invertebrate Pathology

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The insect parasitic nematodes Heterorhabditis spp. are mutualistically associated with entomopathogenic bacteria, Photorhabdus spp. A novel association has been detected between H. megidis isolate EU17 and the endospore-forming bacterium Paenibacillus nematophilus. P. nematophilus sporangia adhere to infective juveniles (IJs) of H. megidis and develop in insect hosts along with the nematodes and their symbiont. We tested the eVects of P. nematophilus on H. megidis. The yield and quality (size, energy reserves, and storage survival) of IJs were not aVected by co-culture in insects with P. nematophilus. Dispersal of IJs in sand and on agar was inhibited by adhering P. nematophilus sporangia: fewer than 2% of IJs with P. nematophilus sporangia reached the bottom of a sand column, compared to 30% of the control treatment. Sporangia signiWcantly reduced infectivity of H. megidis for wax moth larvae in sand, but not in a close contact (Wlter paper) assay. The results suggest that P. nematophilus may reduce the transmission potential of H. megidis through impeding the motility of IJs.  2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effects of Paenibacillus nematophilus on the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis megidis

Enright

Griffin

2005

Journal of Invertebrate Pathology

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“…There are also differences between biological characteristics of the two nematode taxa. Heterorhabditis maternally transmit symbionts by a sophisticated multistep process, while Steinernema have specialized host structures within which they carry their symbionts (Enright, 2004). Also, some Steinernema infect and kill insect hosts even in the absence of pathogenic bacteria, at least in laboratory conditions, but Heterorhabditis nematodes have not been reported to have this behavior.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Epnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entomopathogenic nematode as a biocontrol agent – Recent trends – A Review

Chitra¹,

Sujatha²,

Jeyasankar³

2017

Int. J. Adv. Res. Biol. Sci

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Safety and environmentalcal insecticide issues surrounding the use of chemical insecticides has led to an emphasis on developing alternative control measures such as entomopathogens and their products. Entomopathogenic nematodeare effective biopesticide which can be incorporated in IPM programs because they are considered non-toxic to humans, relatively specific to their target pests and can be applied with standard pesticide equipment. Entomopthogenic nematodes have proven to be the most effective as biological control organisms. Entomopathogenic nematodes have been released extensively in crop fields with negligible effects on non target insects and are regarded as exceptionally safe to the environment. Our focus in this paper was to review mechanism and pathogencity of nematode, phylogeny of nematode for Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae. Steinernematidae is represented by the genera Steinernema and Neosteinernema and Heterorhabditidae is represented by the genus Heterorhabditis. They are associated with mutualistic bacteria in the genus Xenorhabdus for Steinernema and Photorhabdus for Heterorhabditis. Thus, it is a nematode bacterium complex that works together as a biological control unit to kill an insect host by penetrating the host through natural opening and there by releasing the bacterial symbiont which spread and multiply in the haemolymph of the insect pest and kill them by septicemia. Infective juvenile entomopathogenic nematode locate their hosts in soil by means of two strategies-ambusing and crusing. Nematode employs different foraging strategies to locate and infect hosts. Genetic diversity may be lost, or genetic variation may have been limited during collection or lost during importation and rearing. A serious problem for EPNs is founder effect because only a limited number of insect cadavers are collected at single geographical sites, resulting in reduced genetic variance. EPNs have been most efficacious in habitats that provide protection from environmental extremes, especially in soil, which is their natural habitat and in cryptic habitats. Excellent control has been archived against plant-boring insects because their cryptic habitats are favorable for nematode survival and infectivity. In developing biocontrol programs using EPNs, one mechanism to increase the chance of success is to screen novel nematode species or strains for potential efficacy against particular target pests.

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The evolution of entomopathogeny in nematodes

Trejo‐Meléndez,

Ibarra‐Rendón,

Contreras‐Garduño

2024

Ecology and Evolution

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Understanding how parasites evolved is crucial to understand the host and parasite interaction. The evolution of entomopathogenesis in rhabditid nematodes has traditionally been thought to have occurred twice within the phylum Nematoda: in Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae families, which are associated with the entomopathogenic bacteria Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus, respectively. However, nematodes from other families that are associated with entomopathogenic bacteria have not been considered to meet the criteria for “entomopathogenic nematodes.” The evolution of parasitism in nematodes suggests that ecological and evolutionary properties shared by families in the order Rhabditida favor the convergent evolution of the entomopathogenic trait in lineages with diverse lifestyles, such as saprotrophs, phoretic, and necromenic nematodes. For this reason, this paper proposes expanding the term “entomopathogenic nematode” considering the diverse modes of this attribute within Rhabditida. Despite studies are required to test the authenticity of the entomopathogenic trait in the reported species, they are valuable links that represent the early stages of specialized lineages to entomopathogenic lifestyle. An ecological and evolutionary exploration of these nematodes has the potential to deepen our comprehension of the evolution of entomopathogenesis as a convergent trait spanning across the Nematoda.

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Specificity of Association between Paenibacillus spp. and the Entomopathogenic Nematodes, Heterorhabditis spp.

Abstract: Endospore-forming bacteria, Paenibacillus spp

Cited by 33 publications

References 27 publications

Effects of Paenibacillus nematophilus on the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis megidis

Effects of Paenibacillus nematophilus on the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis megidis

Entomopathogenic nematode as a biocontrol agent – Recent trends – A Review

The evolution of entomopathogeny in nematodes

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