Spectacle correction versus no spectacles for prevention of strabismus in hyperopic children

Jones‐Jordan, Lisa A.; Wang, Xue; Scherer, Roberta W.; Mutti, Donald O.

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd007738.pub3

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 36 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…There is evidence that spectacle correction may result in normalisation of VA and binocular function 48,49 . A recent meta‐analysis of the literature on the use of hyperopic glasses to prevent strabismus and amblyopia did not show a clear benefit, although glasses may enhance stereoacuity 50 . A study showing improved visual motor integration following six weeks of spectacle wear included children with hyperopia and also significant amounts of astigmatism 39 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between visual function and magnitude of refractive error for emmetropic to moderately hyperopic 4‐ and 5‐year‐old children in the Vision in Preschoolers ‐ Hyperopia in Preschoolers Study

Ciner

Kulp

Pistilli

et al. 2021

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose To evaluate associations between visual function and the level of uncorrected hyperopia in 4‐ and 5‐year‐old children without strabismus or amblyopia. Methods Children with spherical equivalent (SE) cycloplegic refractive error of −0.75 to +6.00 on eligibility testing for the Vision in Preschoolers–Hyperopia in Preschoolers (VIP‐HIP) study were included. Children were grouped as emmetropic (<1D SE myopia or hyperopia), low hyperopic (+1 to <+3D SE) or moderate hyperopic (+3 to +6D SE). Children with anisometropia or astigmatism (≥1D), amblyopia or strabismus were excluded. Visual functions assessed were monocular distance visual acuity (VA) and binocular near VA with crowded HOTV charts, accommodative lag using the Monocular Estimation Method and near stereoacuity by ‘Preschool Assessment of Stereopsis with a Smile’. Visual functions were compared as continuous measures among refractive error groups. Results 554 children (mean age 58 months) were included in the analysis. Mean SE (SD) {N} for emmetropia, low and moderate hyperopia were +0.52D (0.49) {N = 270}, +2.18D (0.57) {N = 171} and +3.95D (0.78) {N = 113}, respectively. There was a consistent trend of poorer visual function with increasing hyperopia (p < 0.001). Although all children had age‐normal distance VA, logMAR (Snellen) VA of 0.00 (6/6) or better was achieved (distance, near) among more emmetropic (52%, 26%) and low hyperopic (47%, 15%) children than moderate hyperopes (25%, 9%). Mean (SD) distance logMAR VA declined from emmetropic 0.05 (0.10), to low hyperopic 0.06 (0.10) to moderately hyperopic children 0.12 (0.11) (p < 0.001); A mild progressive decrease in near VA also was observed from the emmetropic 0.13 (0.11) to low hyperopic 0.15 (0.10) to moderate hyperopic 0.19 (0.11) groups, (p < 0.001). Accommodative responses showed an increased lag with increasing hyperopia (ρ = 0.50, p < 0.001). Median near stereoacuity for emmetropes, low and moderate hyperopes was 40, 60 and 120 sec arc, respectively. The percentage of these groups with no reduced near visual functions was 83%, 61%, and 34%, respectively. Conclusions Decreasing visual function was associated with increasing hyperopia in 4‐ and 5‐year‐olds without strabismus or amblyopia. As hyperopia with reduced visual function has been associated with early literacy deficits, near visual function should be evaluated in these children.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between visual function and magnitude of refractive error for emmetropic to moderately hyperopic 4‐ and 5‐year‐old children in the Vision in Preschoolers ‐ Hyperopia in Preschoolers Study

Ciner

Kulp

Pistilli

et al. 2021

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…232 Spectacle correction in infancy also improves the chances of infants with hyperopia having normal vision at age 4 and beyond. 233…”

Section: B Frequency Of Carementioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guideline: Comprehensive Pediatric Eye and Vision Examination

Association¹

2020

OCP

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, appealing candidates include forms with relatively late onset that may be related to refractive error (e.g., refractive esotropia and anisometropic amblyopia), as opposed to those that appear earlier (e.g., infantile esotropia) with as-yet poorly understood etiology (e.g., infantile esotropia or intermittent exotropia). Disappointingly, the first studies that provided glasses correction to hyperopic infants at risk for refractive esotropia had mixed success in the prevention of strabismus (Anker et al 2004, Atkinson et al 1996, Ingram et al 1990, Jones-Jordan et al 2014, suggesting that preventative approaches may need to be more complex (Babinsky & Candy 2013, Somer et al 2018).…”

Section: The Consequences Of Disrupted Visual Experiencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Others appear associated with optical characteristics of the eye, for example, refractive esotropia associated with significant hyperopia, sensory strabismus that develops after a congenital cataract, or perhaps microstrabismus associated with anisometropia. Although the latter forms could also have a more central neural component, an exciting task for basic and clinical vision science is to determine whether visual experience can be manipulated during infancy and early childhood to encourage both emmetropization and the prevention of some forms of strabismus and amblyopia (Abrahamsson & Sjostrand 1996, Anker et al 2004, Atkinson et al 1996, Ingram et al 1990, Jones-Jordan et al 2014, Somer et al 2018).…”

Section: Atypical Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Importance of the Interaction Between Ocular Motor Function and Vision During Human Infancy

Candy

2019

Annu. Rev. Vis. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Numerous studies have demonstrated the impact of imposed abnormal visual experience on the postnatal development of the visual system. These studies have provided fundamental insights into the mechanisms underlying neuroplasticity and its role in clinical care. However, the ocular motor responses of postnatal human infants largely define their visual experience in dynamic three-dimensional environments. Thus, the immature visual system needs to control its own visual experience. This review explores the interaction between the developing motor and sensory/perceptual visual systems, together with its importance in both typical development and the development of forms of strabismus and amblyopia.

show abstract

Spectacle correction versus no spectacles for prevention of strabismus in hyperopic children

Abstract: Background-Hyperopia (far-sightedness) in infancy requires accommodative effort to bring images into focus. Prolonged accommodative effort has been associated with an increased risk of strabismus (eye misalignment). Strabismus makes it difficult for the eyes to work together and

Cited by 11 publications

References 36 publications

Associations between visual function and magnitude of refractive error for emmetropic to moderately hyperopic 4‐ and 5‐year‐old children in the Vision in Preschoolers ‐ Hyperopia in Preschoolers Study

Associations between visual function and magnitude of refractive error for emmetropic to moderately hyperopic 4‐ and 5‐year‐old children in the Vision in Preschoolers ‐ Hyperopia in Preschoolers Study

Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guideline: Comprehensive Pediatric Eye and Vision Examination

The Importance of the Interaction Between Ocular Motor Function and Vision During Human Infancy

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About