Spectral characterisation of a traditional Mesoamerican dye: relationship between in situ identification on the 16^th century Codex Borbonicus manuscript and composition of Justicia spicigera plant extract

Abstract

The identification of Justicia spicigera in the Codex Borbonicus by Raman spectroscopy motivated the development of a multi-analytical techniques approach to broaden the physico-chemical knowledge regarding this traditional dye source.

[Retracted] The Relationship between Traditional Music in Xinjiang and the Geographical Environment of the Gobi Desert

“…Because of the sufficient photosynthesis, Xinjiang's melons and fruits are particularly juicy and sweet. However, there is a huge temperature contrast between day and night in most areas of Xinjiang [ 9 ]. There are also obvious temperature differences between spring and summer in Xinjiang.…”

Methodology for dyes purification by preparative bidimensional offline reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography separation based on mobile phase pH change: Case study of Justicia spicigera

“…They have complementary properties since they can provide differences in selectivity due to specific interactions with analytes: hydrogen bonds for methanol, particularly adapted to hydroxylated and carboxylated compounds, and dipole‐dipole interactions for acetonitrile, acting on polarisable bonds. Besides, as the aqueous extract of J. spicigera presented pH‐dependant visible absorption properties (bathochromic shift of the absorption maximum from 490 to 590 nm upon pH increase) [5], it was expected that the two colored compounds of interest X1 and X2 were ionizable; their retention would be thus dependant of the mobile phase pH value. This parameter was also considered to optimize the separation: the selected pH values were chosen in such a way as to favour one or the other of the species, that is, above or below pH 6 which appeared to be the equilibrium of two forms of the dye [5].…”

“…Besides, as the aqueous extract of J. spicigera presented pH‐dependant visible absorption properties (bathochromic shift of the absorption maximum from 490 to 590 nm upon pH increase) [5], it was expected that the two colored compounds of interest X1 and X2 were ionizable; their retention would be thus dependant of the mobile phase pH value. This parameter was also considered to optimize the separation: the selected pH values were chosen in such a way as to favour one or the other of the species, that is, above or below pH 6 which appeared to be the equilibrium of two forms of the dye [5]. The four elution systems under study were then: acetonitrile/water mix under acidic conditions (with HCOOH 0.1 % pH 3) or neutral conditions (with HCOONH 4 5 mM pH 8) and methanol/water mix under acidic conditions (with HCOOH 0.1 % pH 3) or neutral conditions (with HCOONH 4 5 mM pH 8).…”

Microencapsulates by spray of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG from fermented whole or skimmed cow's milk added with Mexican honeysuckle (Justicia spicigera) extract using mesquite gum as carrier agent

“…However, the pigments from Justicia spicigera (a shrub) have been studied by few researchers. The J. spicigera plant is native to Mexico and has been used for dyeing fabrics ( Baqueiro-Peña and Guerrero-Beltrán, 2017 ; Chan-Bacab et al., 2015 ), make paintings, codices, murals ( Arberet et al., 2021 ; Casanova-González et al., 2012 ), painting crafts ( Baqueiro-Peña and Guerrero-Beltrán, 2017 ), and coloring tortillas (traditional Mexican corn flat bread) ( Alvarez-Poblano et al., 2020 ). In addition, it has been used in traditional medicine as an anxiolytic ( García-Ríos et al., 2019 ), anti-inflammatory ( Real-Sandoval et al., 2020 ), analgesic ( Zapata-Morales et al., 2016 ), antipyretic ( Baqueiro -Peña and Guerrero-Beltrán, 2014 ), among others.…”