1983
DOI: 10.1016/0161-7346(83)90013-5
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Spectral characterization and attenuation measurements in ultrasound

Abstract: Various means of characterizing ultrasonic attenuation in tissue are reviewed. A simple method for estimating frequency-dependent attenuation via measurement of the zero crossing density of the signal is presented and validated. Both the effects of the frequency dependence of scatter and stochastic variability of the measurement are considered and discussed. Results of measurements made in phantoms, animals and humans are presented and compared to the theoretical model. The technique is shown to be technically… Show more

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Cited by 60 publications
(29 citation statements)
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“…One method for estimating the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient is the spectral shift technique (Flax et al, 1983;Parker and Waag, 1983;Leeman et al, 1984;Narayana and Ophir, 1984;Bigelow and O'Brien, 2006). This method is a parametric approach that assumes a Gaussian spectral shape of the propagating pulse and echo and estimates the attenuation coefficient slope by measuring the downshift in the center frequency with respect to depth.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…One method for estimating the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient is the spectral shift technique (Flax et al, 1983;Parker and Waag, 1983;Leeman et al, 1984;Narayana and Ophir, 1984;Bigelow and O'Brien, 2006). This method is a parametric approach that assumes a Gaussian spectral shape of the propagating pulse and echo and estimates the attenuation coefficient slope by measuring the downshift in the center frequency with respect to depth.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A number of time domain and frequency domain techniques were used to estimate the change in the center frequency with respect to depth. In the time domain, the number of sign changes per unit interval gives an estimate of the center frequency under the assumption of a narrow band signal (Flax et al, 1983;Leeman et al, 1984;Narayana and Ophir, 1984). In the frequency domain, the center frequency can be estimated by calculating the first moment of the power spectrum (Parker et al, 1988) or by fitting a Gaussian function to the spectrum and finding the mean frequency (Bigelow and O'Brien, 2006).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Several methods have been proposed for estimating ultrasound attenuation, which can be roughly subdivided into time domain [6]- [9] and frequency domain methods [10]- [14]. Although timebased techniques are generally easier to use than spectral techniques when making real time measurements, most authors have adopted a spectral approach [15].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…따라서 [6] , 반향신호의 envelop 부분 최고치를 이용하여 이의 감쇠에 따른 신호의 차이를 예측하는 방 법 [7] , 인접한 반향신호의 엔트로피(entropy) 차이를 이 용한 감쇠 지수 예측방법 [8] 등이 발표되어 왔다.…”
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