Spectral estimation of carnosic acid content in in vivo rosemary plants

Sahoo, Maitreya Mohan; Perach, Omer; Shachter, Alona; Gonda, Itay; Porwal, Alok; Dudai, Nativ; Herrmann, Ittai

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2022.115292

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…A significant quantity of CA (93.2 ± 4.4 mg/g of dry extract) was revealed, consistent with data reported for rosemary samples collected in the Mediterranean area [51]. CA has been isolated in a variety of plants, including S. rosmarinus, and it is also abundant in the harvested biomass [86]. This abietane diterpenoid is endowed with antimicrobial properties against various bacteria, fungi, and viruses, including S. aureus [31].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Anti-Biofilm Activity of Carnosic Acid from Salvia rosmarinus against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Iobbi,

Parisi,

Bernabè

et al. 2023

Plants

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The Salvia rosmarinus “Eretto Liguria” ecotype was studied as a source of valuable bioactive compounds. LC-MS analysis of the methanolic extract underlined the presence of diterpenoids, triterpenoids, polyphenolic acids, and flavonoids. The anti-virulence activity of carnosic acid along with the other most abundant compounds against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was evaluated. Only carnosic acid induced a significant reduction in the expression of agrA and rnaIII genes, which encode the key components of quorum sensing (QS), an intracellular signaling mechanism controlling the virulence of MRSA. At a concentration of 0.05 mg/mL, carnosic acid inhibited biofilm formation by MRSA and the expression of genes involved in toxin production and made MRSA more susceptible to intracellular killing, with no toxic effects on eukaryotic cells. Carnosic acid did not affect biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a human pathogen that often coexists with MRSA in complex infections. The selected ecotype showed a carnosic acid content of 94.3 ± 4.3 mg/g. In silico analysis highlighted that carnosic acid potentially interacts with the S. aureus AgrA response regulator. Our findings suggest that carnosic acid could be an anti-virulence agent against MRSA infections endowed with a species-specific activity useful in multi-microbial infections.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Anti-Biofilm Activity of Carnosic Acid from Salvia rosmarinus against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Iobbi,

Parisi,

Bernabè

et al. 2023

Plants

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“…This implies that the technique only provides a partial view, restricted to evaluating a single component and not accounting for variations in chlorophyll content across individual leaves. Similarly, an NDSI analysis of carnosic acid in rosemary using near-infrared spectra reported a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.81 [27], which translates to an R 2 value of 0.6561-lower than the coefficient of determination for RA in our study. Additionally, although the sample size in that study was larger (n = 79), the samples were collected on a single day, reducing the method's applicability for determining optimal harvesting times.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 48%

“…Additionally, existing handheld optical systems like Greenseeker™, atLEAF+, and SPAD502 are limited in their capabilities, only providing estimates of chlorophyll levels in small areas of 3 mm × 2 mm and at a high cost [24][25][26]. Prior studies that successfully correlated spectral data with component content typically utilized leaves from the same individual plant collected on the same day [27,28]. Therefore, further investigation is required to ascertain whether these spectral analysis methods can be adapted for broader applications, particularly for variables subject to environmental and seasonal changes, and whether they can be useful in determining optimal harvest times.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-Site Evaluation of Constituent Content and Functionality of Perilla frutescens var. crispa Using Fluorescence Spectra

Sano,

Kawaguchi,

Iimori

et al. 2023

Molecules

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Perilla frutescens leaves are hypothesized to possess antioxidant and amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation inhibitory properties primarily due to their polyphenol-type compounds. While these bioactivities fluctuate daily, the traditional methods for quantifying constituent contents and functional properties are both laborious and impractical for immediate field assessments. To address this limitation, the present study introduces an expedient approach for on-site analysis, employing fluorescence spectra obtained through excitation light irradiation of perilla leaves. Standard analytical techniques were employed to evaluate various constituent contents (chlorophyl (Chl), total polyphenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and rosmarinic acid (RA)) and functional attributes (DPPH radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and Aβ aggregation inhibitory activity). Correlations between the fluorescence spectra and these parameters were examined using normalized difference spectral index (NDSI), ratio spectral index (RSI), and difference spectral index (DSI) analyses. The resulting predictive model exhibited a high coefficient of determination, with R2 values equal to or greater than 0.57 for constituent contents and 0.49 for functional properties. This approach facilitates the convenient, simultaneous, and nondestructive monitoring of both the chemical constituents and the functional capabilities of perilla leaves, thereby simplifying the determination of optimal harvest times. The model derived from this method holds promise for real-time assessments, indicating its potential for the simultaneous evaluation of both constituents and functionalities in perilla leaves.

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“…Carnosic acid has commercial interest as an approved food additive ( Birtić et al., 2015 ), and the antioxidant activity of rosemary extracts is primarily associated with the amount of this compound. On this basis, the growers are rewarded based on the abundance of carnosic acid in the harvested biomass ( Sahoo et al., 2022 ), and this compound is used to characterize rosemary accessions ( Wellwood and Cole, 2004 ; Sahoo et al., 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeted metabolite profiling of Salvia rosmarinus Italian local ecotypes and cultivars and inhibitory activity against Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum

Iobbi,

Donadio,

Lanteri

et al. 2024

Front. Plant Sci.

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IntroductionThe development of agriculture in terms of sustainability and low environmental impact is, at present, a great challenge, mainly in underdeveloped and marginal geographical areas. The Salvia rosmarinus “Eretto Liguria” ecotype is widespread in Liguria (Northwest Italy), and farmers commonly use it by for cuttings and for marketing. In the present study, this ecotype was characterized in comparison with other cultivars from the same geographical region and Campania (Southern Italy), with a view to application and registration processes for the designation of protected geographical indications. Moreover, the possibility of using the resulting biomass after removing cuttings or fronds as a source of extracts and pure compounds to be used as phytosanitary products in organic farming was evaluated. Specifically, the potential of rosemary extracts and pure compounds to prevent soft rot damage was then tested.MethodsA targeted NMR metabolomic approach was employed, followed by multivariate analysis, to characterize the rosemary accessions. Bacterial soft rot assay and disk diffusion test were carried out to evaluate the activity of extracts and isolated compounds against Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. Enzymatic assay was performed to measure the in vitro inhibition of the pectinase activity produced by the selected pathogen. Molecular docking simulations were used to explore the possible interaction of the selected compounds with the pectinase enzymes. Results and DiscussionThe targeted metabolomic analysis highlighted those different geographical locations can influence the composition and abundance of bioactive metabolites in rosemary extracts. At the same time, genetic factors are important when a single geographical area is considered. Self-organizing maps (SOMs) showed that the accessions of “Eretto Liguria” appeared well characterized when compared to the others and had a good content in specialized metabolites, particularly carnosic acid. Soft rotting Enterobacteriaceae belonging to the Pectobacterium genus represent a serious problem in potato culture. Even though rosemary methanolic extracts showed a low antibacterial activity against a strain of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum in the disk diffusion test, they showed ability in reducing the soft rot damage induced by the bacterium on potato tissue. 7-O-methylrosmanol, carnosol and isorosmanol appeared to be the most active components. In silico studies indicated that these abietane diterpenoids may interact with P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum pectate lyase 1 and endo-polygalacturonase, thus highlighting these rosemary components as starting points for the development of agents able to prevent soft rot progression.

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Spectral estimation of carnosic acid content in in vivo rosemary plants

Cited by 10 publications

References 40 publications

Anti-Biofilm Activity of Carnosic Acid from Salvia rosmarinus against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Anti-Biofilm Activity of Carnosic Acid from Salvia rosmarinus against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

On-Site Evaluation of Constituent Content and Functionality of Perilla frutescens var. crispa Using Fluorescence Spectra

Targeted metabolite profiling of Salvia rosmarinus Italian local ecotypes and cultivars and inhibitory activity against Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum

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