Spectral linewidth preservation in parametric frequency combs seeded by dual pumps

Tong, Zhi; Wiberg, Andreas O. J.; Myslivets, Evgeny; Kuo, Bill P.-P.; Alić, N.; Radic, S.

doi:10.1364/oe.20.017610

Cited by 114 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Phase synchronization between pumps was achieved by injection-locking two distinct slave lasers with two phase-modulated sidebands of a single LO. The injection locking of the slave lasers, in addition to preserving linewidth, also regenerates (amplifies) the master tones and reduces the relative intensity noise (RIN) [152].…”

Section: A Electro-optic Optical Frequency Comb Generatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of Optical Carrier Generation Techniques for Terabit Capacity Elastic Optical Networks

Imran

Anandarajah

Kaszubowska-Anandarajah

et al. 2018

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

107

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Abstract-Elastic optical networks (EON) have been proposed to meet the network capacity and dynamicity challenges. Hardware and software resource optimization and re-configurability are key enablers for EONs. Recently, innovative multi-carrier transmission techniques have been extensively investigated to realize high capacity (Tb/s) flexible transceivers. In addition to standard telecommunication lasers, optical carrier generators based on optical frequency combs (OFC) have also been considered with expectations of reduced cost and inventory, improved spectral efficiency and flexibility. A wide range of OFC generation techniques have been proposed in the literature over the past few years. It is imperative to summarize the state of the art, compare and assess these diverse techniques from a practical perspective. In this survey, we identify salient features of optical multicarrier generators, review and compare these techniques both from a physical and network layer perspective. OFC demultiplexing/filtering techniques have also been reviewed. In addition to transmission performance, the impact of such sources on the network performance and real-world deployment strategies with reference to cost, power consumption, and level of flexibility have also been discussed. Field trials, integrated solutions, flexibility demonstrations are also reported. Finally, open issues and possible future directions that can lead to real network deployment are highlighted.

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Section: A Electro-optic Optical Frequency Comb Generatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of Optical Carrier Generation Techniques for Terabit Capacity Elastic Optical Networks

Imran

Anandarajah

Kaszubowska-Anandarajah

et al. 2018

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

107

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Section: (C)]mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A residual linewidth broadening scaled with the order of spectral lines was generated by FWM [10,11]. The reduction of the optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) for newly generated spectral lines is due to imperfect phase correlation of the FWM components, here intensified by increase of line frequency spacing [11]. In contrast to the result obtained in [2], where the repetition rate is fixed by the mode-locked laser, our proposed scheme allows a full flexibility in term of repetition rate up to the limit of the electrical bandwidth of the IM in the 1st RI-OFCG stage.…”

Section: (C)]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bandwidth and repetition rate programmable Nyquist sinc-shaped pulse train source based on intensity modulators and four-wave mixing

et al. 2014

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We propose and experimentally demonstrate an all-optical Nyquist sinc-shaped pulse train source based on intensity modulation and four-wave mixing. The proposed scheme allows for the tunability of the bandwidth and the full flexibility of the repetition rate in the limit of the electronic bandwidth of the modulators used through the flexible synthesis of rectangular frequency combs. With the ever-growing demand for telecommunication bandwidth, highly efficient spectral techniques are currently thoroughly investigated in order to optimize the capacity of fiber optics networks. Two digital techniques are commonly used: orthogonal-frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), where a superchannel composed of sincshaped subcarriers is generated, and Nyquist-WDM where the data symbols are carried by Nyquist-shaped pulses in the time domain [1]. Recently, the concept of orthogonal time-division multiplexing (O-TDM) of optically generated Nyquist pulses was demonstrated [2]. In this scheme, the ultra-short Nyquist pulses are generated all-optically and time multiplexed with no intersymbol interference (ISI), taking advantage of the orthogonality of Nyquist pulses. Various techniques to generate optical Nyquist pulses have been demonstrated including spectral reshaping of mode-locked laser [2] or fiber optical parametric amplification using one degenerated pump [3] or two dissimilar frequency pumps in order to achieve uniform pulse generation over a wide bandwidth [4]. These techniques allow for the generation of Nyquist pulses of a few picoseconds duration down to sub-picosecond. However, reducing the complexity of these schemes to a viable solution is not straightforward. Moreover, the generated Nyquist pulses exhibit a non-rectangular spectrum, which leads to the necessity of guard band between WDM channels. To overcome these limitations, another technique based on phase-locked flat-comb generation was demonstrated to obtain sinc-shaped pulse trains [5]. The proofof-principle setup was based on intensity modulators driven by radio-frequency (RF) tones. This simple setup is cost-effective, but the generated bandwidth remains limited to three times the electronic bandwidth of the modulators. In order to overcome the bandwidth limitation, we show that a nonlinear stage based on Kerr effect in highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF) can be used to expand the bandwidth of the generated comb while maintaining the high flexibility and reconfigurability advantages of the original technique. The proposed principle for the Nyquist sinc-shaped pulse train generation is sketched in Fig. 1. Three stages of rectangular-shaped in-phase optical frequency comb generators (RI-OFCG's) are used to achieve a Nyquist-sinc pulse train from an initial optical continuous wave (CW) [ Fig. 1(a)]. The first and third stages are based on intensity modulation, while the second stage is based on four-wave mixing (FWM) [6,7] combined with a wavelength selective switch (WSS) [8].At the first RI-OFCG stage, the CW input is modulated via an intensity modulator (IM 1 ...

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“…This approach has been already extensively studied with the aim to generate ultra-short pulses at high repetition rates [4,5,6,7,8,9,27]. But also some approaches specifically targeting the task of the OFC generation in highly nonlinear fibres were numerically and experimentally studied in the recent past [28,29,30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generation of optical frequency combs via four-wave mixing processes for low- and medium-resolution astronomy

et al. 2015

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We investigate the generation of optical frequency combs through a cascade of four-wave mixing processes in nonlinear fibres with optimised parameters. The initial optical field consists of two continuous-wave lasers with frequency separation larger than 40 GHz (312.7 pm at 1531 nm). It propagates through three nonlinear fibres. The first fibre serves to pulse shape the initial sinusoidal-square pulse, while a strong pulse compression down to sub-100 fs takes place in the second fibre which is an amplifying erbium-doped fibre. The last stage is a low-dispersion highly nonlinear fibre where the frequency comb bandwidth is increased and the line intensity is equalised. We model this system using the generalised nonlinear Schrödinger equation and investigate it in terms of fibre lengths, fibre dispersion, laser frequency separation and input powers with the aim to minimise the frequency comb noise. With the support of the numerical results, a frequency comb is experimentally generated, first in the near infra-red and then it is frequency-doubled into the visible spectral range. Using a MUSE-type spectrograph, we evaluate the comb performance for astronomical wavelength calibration in terms of equidistancy of the comb lines and their stability.

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Spectral linewidth preservation in parametric frequency combs seeded by dual pumps

Cited by 114 publications

References 32 publications

A Survey of Optical Carrier Generation Techniques for Terabit Capacity Elastic Optical Networks

A Survey of Optical Carrier Generation Techniques for Terabit Capacity Elastic Optical Networks

Bandwidth and repetition rate programmable Nyquist sinc-shaped pulse train source based on intensity modulators and four-wave mixing

Generation of optical frequency combs via four-wave mixing processes for low- and medium-resolution astronomy

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