“…In the Anthropocene, human interference with climate, land, and water is altering flow regimes, with direct impacts from dams and levees being better understood than indirect impacts imposed by land use and climatological changes (Chalise et al., 2021, 2023; Goeking & Tarboton, 2020; Zhou et al., 2015). These changes in turn impact aquatic ecosystems, human water security, and biogeochemical cycles at planetary scales (Abbott et al., 2019; Döll & Schmied, 2012; Gleeson et al., 2020; Hogeboom et al., 2020; Lin et al., 2019; Zipper et al., 2020), creating a pressing scientific challenge and opportunity to identify how climate and catchment parameters interact with direct human modifications of rivers such as dams and levees to influence river flow, and thereby shape the hydrological resilience of socioecological communities (Abbott et al., 2018; Berghuijs et al., 2019; Bunn & Arthington, 2002; Díaz et al., 2019; Harrison et al., 2018; Teixeira et al., 2019).…”