Spectrofluorimetric analysis of ethopabate in veterinary formulations with application to residue determination in chicken muscles and liver

Abstract

Ethopabate is a veterinary drug used in the prophylaxis and treatment of coccidiosis in chickens. The presence of drug residues in edible tissues can be dangerous to human consumers. It may cause direct toxic effects, allergic reactions and increased bacterial resistance. A highly sensitive, simple and rapid spectrofluorimetric method was developed for the determination of ethopabate in its veterinary formulations. The proposed method is based on measuring the native fluorescence of ethopabate in water at 364 nm after excitation at 270 nm. The fluorescence-concentration plot was rectilinear over the range of 2-100 ng/mL, with a limit of detection of 2.9 ng/g and a limit of quantification of 9.8 ng/g for ethopabate. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of ethopabate in its commercial veterinary formulations and the results were in good agreement with those obtained with the reference method. The method was extended to the determination of ethopabate residues in chicken muscles and liver, and the results were satisfactory. The recoveries obtained were in the 108.36-113.42% range. No organic solvents are used in the procedure, so it can be considered a type of 'green' chemistry.

Novel spectrofluorimetric technique for determination of amoxicillin and ethopabate in chicken tissues, liver, kidney, eggs, and feed premix

“…Both AMX and EPB were reported to show native fluorescence at 303/274 nm and 365/268 nm, respectively. [11,21] The strongly overlapping emission spectra of the two drugs prevented their simultaneous determination by conventional spectrofluorimetry (Figure 2). However, upon trying zero order synchronous mode, it was found that their spectra were still overlapped in such a way that hindered their simultaneous determination (Figure 3).…”

“…Nevertheless, these methods have some drawbacks, such as column blockage in HPLC, [15,16] complex procedures, [17,18] and expensive solvents and equipment. [15][16][17][18] Ethopabate was determined in veterinary preparations and animal tissues using spectrophotometric, [19,20] spectrofluoremetric, [21,22] HPLC, [23][24][25][26] and capillary electrophoretic methods. [27] The literature review revealed that no method has been yet investigated the simultaneous determination of AMX and EPB.…”

Development of an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for screening ethopabate residue in chicken muscle and liver

“…It has a synergistic effect with some anticoccidial drugs. 2 The use of ETP in the chicken industry may result in ETP residues in chicken products if adequate withdrawal time for the animal has not been observed or if ETP has been improperly administered. The residue presents a potential health risk to consumers.…”

Spectrofluorimetric analysis of menbutone in veterinary formulations: Application to residue determination in bovine meat and milk

“…Menbutone is very potent in its digestive activity and the regular effective doses are very small, hence, its detection in milk and meat require a highly sensitive and selective method. Spectrofluorometry has long been applied in the field of pharmaceutical analysis of many drugs [12][13][14] because of the higher sensitivity than is attainable in absorption spectrophotometry [15]. Analytical methods for the determination of menbutone in animal tissues and milk are, however, scarce.…”