Spectrophotometric determinations of some phenothiazine drugs

Revanasiddappa, H. D.; Ramappa, P. G.

doi:10.1016/0039-9140(96)01861-9

Cited by 22 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Several methods have been applied to detect phenothiazine derivatives, such as spectrophotometry, 2 colorimetry, 3 liquid chromatography (LC) 4 and titrimetry. 5 Promethazine hydrochloride, a prominent compound in the large group of phenothiazine derivatives, is widely used as a therapeutic agent for treating various mental and personality disorder.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Determination of Trace Promethazine Hydrochloride by a Pretreated Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with DNA

et al. 2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Phenothiazines are a group of basic drugs that include a phenothiazine ring with different substituents attached at the 2-and 10-position, which are used as anti-psychotics, neuroleptics and antihistamines. 1 Several methods have been applied to detect phenothiazine derivatives, such as spectrophotometry, 2 colorimetry, 3 liquid chromatography (LC) 4 and titrimetry. 5 Promethazine hydrochloride, a prominent compound in the large group of phenothiazine derivatives, is widely used as a therapeutic agent for treating various mental and personality disorder. Daniela et al. 6 have reported the determination of promethazine hydrochloride in a pharmaceutical preparation using a flow-injection spectroelectroanalytical method. Lara et al. 7 utilized a capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) technique for the quantitative analysis of three kinds of phenothiazines. The detection limit for promethazine hydrochloride was obtained to be 3.3 μg/mL; DPV and DC techniques were also applied to detect some phenothiazine drugs. 8 The quantification of drugs or drug monitoring based on DNA-drug interactions has been reported. [9][10][11][12] DNA is usually chosen as a surface-modification element because of its high sensitivity, and compatibility with modern micro-fabrication technologies; it is especially promising for rapid detection. 13,14 Measurements of some trace phenothiazine drugs were performed with a DNA-modified carbon paste electrode (CPE) by using a potentiometric stripping analysis (PSA) method. DNA-modified CPE permits measurements at low concentration levels of some phenothiazines with an accumulation step. 15 These previous studies suggested that a DNA-modified electrode might provide a very promising basis for determining trace promethazine.In the present work, DNA-modified electrode was assembled by immobilizing dsDNA onto the surface of a pretreated glassy carbon electrode (GCE(ox)). A pair of well-defined reversible redox peaks of promethazine was observed at low potential on the DNA/GCE(ox). The redox peak current was evaluated by using CV and DPV techniques. The signal was about 100-fold higher on DNA/GCE(ox) than that obtained on the DNA/GCE. By means of the redox peak currents of promethazine sensitively responding to the promethazine concentration, DNA/GCE(ox) could be applied to determine trace promethazine. The influence of a glassy carbon electrode pretreatment on the sensitivity of determining promethazine was considered. DNA/GCE(ox) was used to determine promethazine in healthy human serum with satisfactory results. Experimental Apparatus and reagentsElectrochemical measurements were performed with a CHI660A electrochemical analyzer (Shanghai Chenhua Apparatus Corporation, China). Glassy carbon electrodes (diameter 3 mm) and DNA modified glassy carbon electrodes were used as the working electrode, respectively. A platinum auxiliary electrode and an Ag/AgCl reference electrode were used for the measurements.Calf thymus (CT) DNA (Cat. No. D1501) and promethazine hydrochloride (Cat. No. P4651) were purchase...

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Determination of Trace Promethazine Hydrochloride by a Pretreated Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with DNA

et al. 2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These include spectrofluorimetry [5], chemiluminescence [6], high performance liquid chromatography [7][8][9][10], voltammetry [11][12][13], differential pulse stripping voltammetry [14][15][16][17], polarography [18,19], and electrophoresis [20][21][22][23][24], visible spectrophotometry [25][26][27][28][29] and a combination of the previous ones [30]. These methods exhibit excellent selectivity, but require expensive instrumentation and are unsuitable for screening in the local under survey.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disposable solid state probe for optical screening of chlorpromazine

Guerreiro

Sales

2011

Microchim Acta

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We are presenting a simple, low-cost and rapid solid-state optical probe for screening chlorpromazine (CPZ) in aquacultures. The method exploits the colourimetric reaction between CPZ and Fe(III) ion that occurs at a solid/liquid interface, the solid layer consisting of ferric iron entrapped in a layer of plasticized PVC. If solutions containing CPZ are dropped onto such a layer, a colour change occurs from light yellow to dark pink or even light blue, depending on the concentration of CPZ. Visual inspection enables the concentration of CPZ to be estimated. The resulting colouration was also monitored by digital image collection for a more accurate quantification. The three coordinates of the hue, saturation and lightness system were obtained by standard image processing along with mathematical data treatment. The parameters affecting colour were assessed and optimized. Studies were conducted by visible spectrophotometry and digital image acquisition, respectively. The response of the optimized probe towards the concentration of CPZ was tested for several mathematical transformations of the colour coordinates, and a linear relation was found for the sum of hue and luminosity. The limit of detection is 50 μM (corresponding to about 16 μg per mL). The probe enables quick screening for CPZ in real water samples with prior sample treatment.

show abstract

“…Because of the importance of this class of compounds, a lot of work has been reported on their characterization and determination in dosage forms and biological fluids. The methods used for their study included electroanalysis [1,2], spectrophotometry [3][4][5], chemiluminescence [6] and HPLC [7] etc. That has been reviewed by Korpinsk et al [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Voltammetric Determination of Prochlorperazine and Ethopropazine Using a Gold Electrode Modified with Decanethiol SAM

Yang

Peng

Zhao

et al. 2003

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:The voltammetric behavior of prochlorperazine and ethopropazine at a decanethiol (DEC) self-assembled monolayer (SAM) modified gold electrode (DEC/Au) has been studied. It was observed that prochlorperazine exhibited an anodic peak at about 0.60 V (vs SCE), while ethopropazine exhibited two anodic peaks at about 0.49 V and 0.58 V on DEC/Au in pH 10 sodium carbonate buffer. This was due to their different electrochemical oxidation mechanisms. In this case, the oxidation of prochlorperazine and ethopropazine included one 2e step and two 1e steps, respectively. In the presence of some reductants such as ascorbic acid, the oxidation products of them can catalyze the oxidation of the reductants and thus make the peaks grow. In addition, it was found that the SAM structure became not so compact when prochlorperazine and ethopropazine were present, resulting from their permeating in the SAM. Various conditions were optimized for their determination. Under the selected conditions (i.e. 0.080 M pH 10 sodium carbonate buffer; scan rate: 100 mV/s; accumulation potential: -0.4 V or 0 V; accumulation time: 60 s), the peak currents were linear to prochlorperazine concentration in the ranges of 0.1~2.0 M and 5.0~50 M, and linear with ethopropazine in the ranges of 10 nM~0.1 M and 0.5~20 M. The RSD was 4.28% for 8 successive measurements of 1.0 M prochlorperazine. The influence of some coexistents was examined.

show abstract

Spectrophotometric determinations of some phenothiazine drugs

Cited by 22 publications

References 11 publications

Electrochemical Determination of Trace Promethazine Hydrochloride by a Pretreated Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with DNA

Electrochemical Determination of Trace Promethazine Hydrochloride by a Pretreated Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with DNA

Disposable solid state probe for optical screening of chlorpromazine

Voltammetric Determination of Prochlorperazine and Ethopropazine Using a Gold Electrode Modified with Decanethiol SAM

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About